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Chapter H, North Slope Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Figure H3. Map marking coal localities near Wainright, and the Meade River Mine near the village of Atqasuk. The pick-axe symbol marks the location of the historic coal mine. buried beneath sediments shed from erosion of the Brooks Range and are likely no longer oil prone. Gas shows in a number of exploration wells support the contention that the central and western North Slope contains a number of gas-prone source rock horizons, although their quality decreases west of the Meade arch, a subtle subsurface high (Magoon and Bird, 1988). This north–south-trending arch runs east of Atqasuk and two wells indicate the region possesses an unusually high geothermal gradient (Claypool and Magoon, 1988). The Meade No. 1 well (MAP) is recognized as a noncommercial gas discovery with poorly constrained reserves of approximately 20 bcf (Kumar and others, 2002). Although this well is considerably south of Atqasuk, it demonstrates the viability of a gas charge in the general region. More salient and encouraging data come from several methane gas seeps observed in small lakes near the community; government and academic researchers are currently evaluating the source of this gas, which emits nearly 140 m3/day (Ruppel and others, 2009). Less data are available for the Kaktovik area due to restrictions on exploration within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the proprietary nature of the one well drilled near the community. Nevertheless, the presence of nearby oil seeps and regional assessments suggest the settlement likely overlies excellent Cretaceous oil and gas source rocks noted in the producing fields to the west (Bird, 1999). The communities of Point Hope and Anaktuvuk Pass are part of the Brooks Range Mountain belt where source rocks are generally mature to overmature or have already been uplifted and eroded away (Johnsson and others, 1996). Reservoir rocks. The most prospective reservoir unit of interest for Point Lay, Wainwright, and Atqasuk is the Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation. Regional porosity and permeability data (Bartsch-Winkler and Huffman, 1988) indicate reservoir quality in this unit is more favorable in the coastal plain than in the foothills, although reported values are locally adequate for gas even near Point Lay. Results from a recent shallow coalbed methane well drilled at Wainwright indicate that thick sandstones deposited in ancient river channels possess good reservoir quality with measured porosity locally exceeding 25 percent (K. Helmold, written commun.). In the Kaktovik area, the most prospective reservoir rocks are likely within Cenozoic strata of the Canning and Sagavanirktok Formations, both of which are locally oil-stained at the surface or tested significant hydrocarbons in regional drilling (Bird, 1999). Conventional reservoirs beneath Point Hope and Anaktuvuk Pass are likely very limited, due to deep burial, thorough cementation, and complex deformation during creation of the Brooks Range. Traps. A number of stratigraphic traps might occur in the Nanushuk Formation where isolated sandstone bodies are encased in impermeable mudstone (Houseknecht, 2003). However, in the vicinity of Wainwright, Atqasuk, and Point Lay, these settings are likely very difficult to predict or document without the benefit of high-resolution three- North Slope Page 76PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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