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Chapter I, Northwest Arctic Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Northwest Arctic Figure I3. Location map of the east-central Northwest Arctic Energy Region, showing selected geographic references noted in the text. Black dots indicate reported coal occurrences. and others, 1986). A significant result from this work was a preliminary mine plan and feasibility study in the mid-1980s that suggested this resource could provide a 30-year power supply for Kotzebue if an average of 50,000 short tons of lignite were mined per year (Retherford and others, 1986). Another often-cited coal occurrence is near Elephant Point in Eschscholtz Bay (fig. I4; Patton and Miller, 1968; Patton, 1973). When first noted in 1909, the coal was reported to be 2 feet thick, although subsequent investigations have only noted a 4-inch-thick bed exposed at low tide (Dames and Moore, 1980). Although no analyses have been performed on this coal, it is most likely lignite. Farther east, additional coal float has also been reported from a small tributary of the Mangoak River (fig. I4; Patton and Miller, 1968; Patton, 1973). This is also most likely Cenozoic lignite that accumulated near the southern margin of the Selawik trough (sheet 2), or a subsidiary smaller, fault-bounded basin. Conventional oil and gas resource potential As explained in the discussion of requirements for exploitable oil and gas resources (see Chapter A), functioning petroleum systems occur in thick sedimentary basins, and consist of three basic elements: Effective source rocks, reservoirs, and traps. Each of the elements must be in existence and connected at the time hydrocarbons are generated. This section considers each of these necessary elements of petroleum systems in turn to evaluate whether conventional oil and gas resources may exist as an exploitable resource in the Northwest Arctic Energy Region. Overview of sedimentary basins. Sheet 2 shows the distribution of sedimentary basins (after Kirschner, 1988) that could potentially host petroleum systems in the Northwest Arctic Energy Region. The main sedimentary basins are a family of relatively thin, Cenozoic-age, fault-bounded lows created by crustal extension. The largest of these, the Kotzebue basin, is dominantly offshore and separated from the larger Hope basin in the Chukchi Sea by the Kotzebue arch. East of Kotzebue Sound, the Selawik basin (also called trough) occupies the lowlands between the Waring Mountains and the Selawik Hills. Based principally on gravity data, several smaller basins have been identified, including the Noatak basin and subsidiary basins north and northeast of the main Selawik basin (Troutman and Stanley, 2003). Older Cretaceous sedimentary strata are very thick along the southern Brooks Range, indicating a significant sedimentary basin once existed here, although intense folding and faulting has uplifted and dissected these rocks. Source rocks. Oil-prone source rocks are not recognized beneath or associated with the Cenozoic basins. The basement rocks for much of the area are metamorphic and thus not potential sources of oil or gas. This unfavorable basement rock type can be inferred from regional geology in the southern Brooks Range and Seward Peninsula, but was further confirmed at the bottom of the two exploration Page 86PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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