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Chapter J, Railbelt Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska area previously considered part of the Little Susitna district (Barnes and Sokol, 1959). Conversely, Merritt (1990) show a mostly low potential for mineable coal for the Susitna Flats district, highlighting the uncertainty of coal resources in the region. The Little Susitna district has only been studied at a reconnaissance level through investigation of small, sparsely distributed coal outcrops and limited exploratory drilling (Barnes and Sokol, 1959). Coal in this district is hosted in the Oligocene to Miocene age Tyonek Formation and is sub- bituminous grade. Heating values determined from only a few samples range from about 8,500 to 13,000 Btu/lb. Coal beds are thin, typically less than 4 feet-thick with abundant clayey partings, and are often widely spaced and laterally discontinuous. A poorly defined potential reserve in the Little Susitna district is estimated by May and Warfield (1957) to be 14.7 million tons. Broad Pass Field. The Broad Pass field is located near Broad Pass, south of Cantwell, and is divided into the Graben and Costello Creek districts (fig. J3; Merritt and Hawley, 1986). The relationship between coal-bearing strata in the Broad Pass area and those in the Cook Inlet–Susitna and Nenana areas is uncertain, but the Broad Pass coal is believed to also be Tertiary, perhaps Pliocene in age (Merritt and Hawley, 1986). Two to 10 feet-thick lignite beds in the Graben district have heating values that range from about 6,600 to 7,400 Btu/lb and high ash contents from about 9 to 32% (Hopkins 1951). The lignite seams contain low sulfur values ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 percent (Merritt and Hawley, 1986). Coal in the Costello Creek district is slightly higher in grade at subbituminous A (Wahrhaftig, 1944). Estimated coal reserves in the Graben district are based on limited trenching and few exposures, thus the conservative estimate of 13.5 million tons of lignite is poorly constrained (Hopkins, 1951). Indicated coal reserves in the Costello district, including the long-closed Dunkel mine, are 353,000 tons (Wahrhaftig, 1944). Despite easy accessibility of the Broad Pass field by rail and road systems, the low grade of coal in this field probably does not warrant further consideration as an energy alternative for local communities. However, the region is actively being explored for gold and related minerals and if development occurred, these low grade coals may warrant further exploration as a potential energy source. Nenana Coal Province. Coal-bearing strata in the Nenana coal province occur within the Nenana Basin in a series of discontinuous sub-basins arrayed along the northern foothills of the central Alaska Range (fig J2 and sheet 2). These coal-bearing rocks extend from the Jarvis Creek coal field in the Yukon–Koyukuk/upper Tanana energy region (see chapter L) at their eastern extent, approximately 200 miles southwestward to about the Kantishna Hills in a belt that is up to 30 miles wide (Merritt, 1985b). Southwest of the Kantishna Hills the belt continues discontinuously to at least the Cheeneetnuk River area, southwest of Farewell, in the Lower Yukon– Kuskokwim energy region. Coal-bearing strata are found within five geologic formations of late Oligocene to late Miocene-age; from oldest to youngest, these include the Healy Creek, Sanctuary, Suntrana, Lignite Creek, and Grubstake formations (Wahrhaftig and others, 1969; Wolfe and Toshimasa, 1980). Of the five formations, the Suntrana, Healy Creek, and Lignite formations contain significant coal reserves. The coal is typically subbituminous B and C in rank, with heating values ranging from 8,000 to 9,500 Btu. They have medium ash contents and very low sulfur contents. Thicknesses of individual coal beds range from 10 to 60 feet (Merritt, 1985). Identified coal resources of the Nenana coal province are estimated at 7 billion short tons, and inferred coal resources throughout the province are estimated at about 10 billion short tons, for a total of 17 billion potential tons (Sanders, 1981). The geology and coal resources of the two largest fields (Lignite Creek and Healy Creek) are well characterized, however comparably little has been published about the remaining smaller fields. Ten coal fields are recognized within the Nenana Coal Province, although only seven occur within the Railbelt Development Region. The Jarvis Creek, West Delta, and East Delta fields are considered part of the Nenana coal province, but are located to the east in the Yukon–Koyokuk/upper Tanana development region (chapter L). The seven individual fields within the Railbelt region are discussed below in order of decreasing size based on estimated reserves within 500 feet of the surface and coal bed thicknesses of at least 29 inches or greater (Merritt, 1985b). Lignite Creek field. Coal in the Lignite Creek field is discontinuously exposed in outcrop over an area of approximately 100 square miles, extending from the Nenana River and Parks Highway near Healy in the west, to the headwaters of Tatlanika Creek in the east. Coal beds in this field can achieve 60 feet in thickness, and some seams are laterally continuous for up to ten miles. Mineable reserves at a stripping ratio of 4.25:1 were estimated at 150 million tons in the mid 1970’s for the Lignite Creek field (Renshaw, 1977). Merritt (1985b) estimates that 936 million short tons of potentially mineable coal with bed thicknesses of at least 29 inches exists in the field within 500 feet of the surface. The Lignite Creek field has produced 50 million tons of coal to date and the Usibelli Coal Mine currently produces an average of 1.5 million tons of coal per year from this field (Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc., 2009). Healy Creek field. The Healy Creek field is located directly south of the Lignite Creek field and encompasses less than 25 square miles from the Nenana River and Parks Highway in the west to the middle of the Healy Creek drainage to the east. The field includes a similar stratigraphic succession as recognized elsewhere in outcrop along the southern margin of the Nenana Basin. The Usibelli Coal Railbelt Page 102PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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