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Chapter K, Southeast Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Figure K5. Location map of the northwestern part of the Southeast Energy Region, showing locations of reported coal occurrences (black dots). Traps. The northern Gulf of Alaska basin has been affected by faulting and folding accompanying compressional and strike-slip tectonics, creating numerous fold and fault structures that have the potential to trap hydrocarbons. Although several of these structures were unsuccessfully tested by exploration wells, many promising and large structures remain undrilled (Risley and others, 1992). Additional traps may be stratigraphic in nature, established by lateral variations in thickness, grain size, permeability, and other sedimentary characteristics inherent in geologically complex settings. Summary of conventional oil and gas resource potential. Major seeps of both oil and gas are present on the northern margin of the Yakutat terrane, indicating that the northern Gulf of Alaska basin does contain a viable petroleum system. Despite the lack of any commercial discoveries to date, potential remains for future production of conventional hydrocarbons. Many large structural and stratigraphic traps have not been drilled and the province is underexplored relative to comparable basins in North America. The most recent available estimates of technically recoverable resources from the Gulf of Alaska region report a mean resource of 630 million barrels of oil and 4.65 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (Minerals Management Service [MMS], 2006). These numbers reflect undiscovered, hypothetical resources that have not been identified by drilling, and the actual amount that could be discovered and produced may be significantly smaller when filtered against the high costs of offshore development. Nevertheless, the large estimates reflect the overall promising nature of the region for future hydrocarbon exploration. Unconventional oil and gas resource potential Coalbed methane. As noted above, coal resources in southeastern Alaska are areally limited, discontinuous, and typically of low grade (Roehm, 1943). Coals in the Kootznahoo Formation rarely exceed 2 feet in thickness, and typically are less than 16 inches thick and of lignite grade. Other coals in the area are also of lignite grade and typically less than 2 feet in thickness. The low quality of these coals combined with their limited thickness and limited areal footprint renders them ineffective as potential sources of coalbed methane. Tight gas sands. The Eocene Kulthieth Formation in southeastern Alaska may locally have potential as a tight gas sand. It consists of relatively thick nonmarine to deltaic sandstones with variable reservoir quality. While much of the unit has fair to good porosity, zeolite cements (particularly laumontite), have locally degraded reservoir quality to the extent that sands have permeabilities less than 0.01 millidarcy. Potential source rocks in the lower part of the Kulthieth Formation consist of gas-prone shallow Southeast Page 118PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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