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Chapter K, Southeast Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska reservoir. It is likewise recommended that the State consider supporting a deeper test well at Tenakee Village to reassess the viability of direct-use applications that were previously deemed not feasible. Conventional oil and gas recommendations Patterns of land ownership and the location of rural communities are important considerations in weighing the state’s options for oil and gas energy development in the Southeast Energy Region. State-controlled lands in the Gulf of Alaska basin are limited to the Yakataga area between Cape Suckling and Icy Bay, and much of that is designated as game refuge. Most of the rest of the onshore Gulf of Alaska basin is federal national forest, national park, BLM, Native corporation, and private land. The only permanent community in the Southeast Energy Region in the Gulf of Alaska basin is Yakutat; all other communities are located at least 200–600 kilometers away in the archipelago region where petroleum systems cannot exist. Of the wells drilled near Yakutat, none appear to be capable of sustaining production, but there remains potential that future exploration in the vicinity might yield a different result, perhaps one or more discoveries capable of delivering local-use gas or oil supply. The Yakataga district, with its numerous seeps and subsurface oil and gas shows, probably has the region’s best potential for conventional hydrocarbon production. However, the lack of a permanent local population there means that a viable transportation system, built to withstand a variety of potentially severe geologic hazards (Combellick, 1994), would be required to deliver producible hydrocarbon resources to consumers. To summarize, the complex geology, prior exploration history, land status, and population distribution of the Southeast Energy Region suggest that undiscovered hydrocarbon resources are most likely to occur hundreds of kilometers remote from the communities in need of energy. Future exploration for these resources in this frontier province would mostly likely be undertaken by industry and aimed at major commercial discoveries, rather than local markets. Reliable estimates of the ultimate conventional oil and gas resource potential in the Gulf of Alaska are hampered by limited published geologic data. Exploration risk could be reduced through the acquisition of significant new geologic mapping and associated field data. Coal resources Due to the limited stratigraphic and areal extent of coals, previous statewide assessments classified Southeast Alaska as a region of low coal potential (Merritt, 1987). However, significant coal occurrences have been noted in Kootznahoo Inlet and Murder Cove. Although these may be suitable for local energy use, they are presently inaccessible for extraction due to their location in the Admiralty Island National Monument wilderness area. The coal beds reported from the Robinson Mountains are likely broadly equivalent to the Bering River coal field about 50 miles to the west. However, little data is available to assess the viability of these coals for local use. Further reconnaissance field work may be warranted to evaluate the local geology in this area and determine whether utilization of this potential resource should be considered further. Unconventional oil and gas resource recommendations Coalbed methane. Due to the limited stratigraphic and areal extent of coals in the region, the volume of available coal does not appear sufficient to produce commercial quantities of coalbed methane. Tight gas sands. The possibility exists for encountering fractured tight gas sands in portions of the Cenozoic section in the region, although available data suggest the probability of recovering commercial quantities of gas is low. Exploration for this type of resource in a frontier province would most likely be led by industry, although the geologic uncertainties indicate significant risk would be present. Shale gas. Shales of the Poul Creek and Kulthieth Formations have some potential as a resource play, particularly within the fold and thrust belt, where a significant natural fracture system may be present. This was confirmed by the limited production of oil from fractured Poul Creek strata in the Katalla area. Additional geologic information is needed to ultimately evaluate this play type, particularly data on the distribution of source rock quality and thermal maturity. However, development of unconventional resource plays typically requires closely spaced wells and artificial stimulation, both of which add significantly to exploration and development costs. Given the geologic uncertainties and the costs of exploring in this remote area, shale gas is unlikely to be a primary target for industry and will thus not contribute to local energy supplies in the near future. Gas hydrates. Due to the lack of extensive, continuous permafrost in most of southeastern Alaska, the likelihood of finding gas hydrates in the region are very low; therefore no further action is recommended. REFERENCES CITED AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), 2009, Alaska energy—A first step toward energy independence: Alaska Energy Authority, 245 pages. Available online at http://www. akenergyauthority.org/pdf files/AK Energy Final.pdf (ac- cessed November 12, 2009). Barnes, F.F., 1967, Coal resources of Alaska: U.S. Geologi- cal Survey Bulletin 1242-B, p. B1–B36, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,500,000. Beikman, H.M., 1980, Geologic map of Alaska: U.S. Geo- logical Survey special map, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,500,000. Bruns, T.R., 1982, Structure and petroleum potential of the Southeast Page 120PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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