PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 164
Chapter L, Yukon–Koyukuk/Upper Tanana Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska due to a geologic history of intense deformation, heating, and recrystallization under igneous and/or metamorphic conditions. These areas include the Hogatza plutonic belt, Kaiyuh Mountains, Kokrines–Hodzana Highlands, south flank of the Brooks Range, and the Yukon–Tanana Upland. Distribution of sedimentary basins. The distribution of sedimentary basins that could potentially host petroleum systems in the Yukon–Koyukuk/Upper Tanana Energy Region are shown in sheet 2. The Yukon–Koyukuk and Kuskokwim basins cover a large portion of the region, developed in Mesozoic time, and are filled with deep marine through nonmarine strata. The Kandik area includes part of a Mesozoic-age basin filled with deep marine strata similar to the Yukon–Koyukuk and Kuskokwim basins, and part of an older Paleozoic–early Mesozoic basin that was possibly once continuous with rocks now exposed in the foothills north of the Brooks Range. The Yukon Flats, Middle Tanana, Innoko, and Minchumina basins formed during Cenozoic time and are filled with nonmarine sedimentary rocks. The Rampart and Tintina troughs are narrow basins filled with Cenozoic- age nonmarine sedimentary rocks that developed along the Kaltag and Tintina fault zones, respectively. The greatest potential for exploration and development of conventional hydrocarbon resources in the region is in the Yukon Flats and Middle Tanana basins in the south-central and eastern parts of the region. Source rocks. The Kandik basin possesses the best source rock in the region, namely the Triassic–Jurassic Glenn Shale that locally exceeds 10 percent total organic carbon (Howell, 1996). Additional organic-rich black shales are recognized in older units of the Kandik region, suggesting that the hydrocarbon potential of this region is not limited by source rock. This notion is further supported by numerous occurrences of remnant biodegraded oil in the form of solid hydrocarbon (Van Kooten and others, 1997). The extents of these potential source rocks are not well constrained due to limited seismic data and only three well penetrations. However, based on regional magnetic and gravity data, it appears these rocks do not underlie the Yukon Flats basin. Additionally, the potential source rocks are locally overmature (too deeply buried), further limiting the extent of viable source rocks (Underwood and others, 1989). Along the periphery of the Yukon Flats, occurrences of tasmanite have been reported in association with the Tozitna terrane (Tailleur and others, 1967). Although this unusual rock type is extremely organic rich, its distribution appears to be limited in outcrop. Nevertheless, regional gravity and magnetic data support the hypothesis that rocks of the Tozitna terrane underlie parts of the Yukon Flats basin (Saltus and others, 2007). Outcrop studies have documented that Cretaceous-age sedimentary rocks in the Yukon–Koyukuk and Kuskokwim basins generally contain organic carbon in amounts less than what is normally considered a good petroleum source rock, and the organic material that is present is typically gas-prone (Lyle and others, 1982). The Nulato Unit No. 1 well, in the western part of the Yukon–Koyukuk basin (fig. L1), penetrated 12,000 feet of deformed and tightly cemented Cretaceous-age sandstone, siltstone, and shale. No information is available on the organic content of shales encountered in this well, but the drilling reports (available from the Alaska Oil & Gas Conservation Commission) suggest the siltstones and shales have poor petroleum source potential. The Napatuk Creek No. 1 well, approximately 30 miles west of Bethel and outside of this region, penetrated at most a few thousand feet of Cenozoic-age rock and nearly 13,000 feet of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale of Cretaceous age. The entire section penetrated by this well contains little organic material, and what little organic material that was encountered is gas-prone (Mull and others, 1995). Outcrop studies combined with limited subsurface data from exploration wells and shallow coreholes suggest that coal and carbonaceous mudstones are common in Cenozoic-age rocks of the Yukon Flats, Middle Tanana, and Minchumina basins. Laboratory analysis of these lithologies from outcrop samples collected near Healy (Middle Tanana basin) and south of McGrath demonstrate their potential as source rocks for gas and also show some potential to generate liquid hydrocarbons (condensate; Stanley, 1988; Stanley and others, 1990; LePain and others, 2003). Of these basins, only the Middle Tanana and Yukon Flats are deep enough to have the potential to generate petroleum through thermal alteration of organic material (Stanley and others, 1990). The Minchumina basin is large, but probably too shallow to generate conventional petroleum from organic material that might be present in the basin fill (Kirschner, 1994). The stratigraphy of the Cenozoic-age Galena and Innoko basins is unknown, but they are probably too shallow to generate petroleum through thermal alteration of organic material; gravity data suggest deeper parts of these basins exist, but they underlie very small areas and are probably not capable of generating appreciable volumes of petroleum. Reservoir rocks. Most Cretaceous sandstones in the area are tightly cemented and have porosity and permeability below thresholds necessary for conventional oil and gas production (Lyle and others, 1982; Mull and others, 1995). Some Cretaceous sandstones are so altered that porosity and permeability are likely entirely absent (Hoare and others, 1964). Cenozoic-age rocks include sandstones of sufficient thickness to serve as potential reservoirs (Stanley and others, 1992; LePain and others, 2003). In outcrop these sandstones range from poorly cemented (likely to have high porosity and permeability) to tightly cemented (likely to have low porosity and permeability). Laboratory measurements have been obtained for a limited suite of outcrop and drill core samples from the perimeter of Yukon Flats basin that show rocks in that area have poor to fair porosity and permeability Yukon–Koyukuk/Upper Tanana Page 130PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
PDF Search Title:
FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USEOriginal File Name Searched:
sr066.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)