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Glossary Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska source of the methane and the reservoir for the gas. In coalbed methane reservoirs, the gas molecules adhere to the surface of the coal within pores and as free gas within fractures. The heating value of coalbed methane (commonly referred to as CBM) is comparable to conventional natural gas (~1,000 Btu/scf). coal gasification—The process of converting solid coal into a synthetic natural gas or a gaseous mixture by reacting the coal at a high temperature with a controlled amount of oxygen and water. The resulting mixture is called syngas, which can be burned directly as a fuel or converted into synthetic liquid fuels. The coal gasification process can be conducted at the surface with already mined coal or in the subsurface utilizing deep, unmineable coal seams (known as underground coal gasification [UCG] or In- situ coal gasification [ISCG]). coal rank—A measure of the degree of alteration as a coal matures; from lowest to highest, lignite, subbituminous, bituminous, and anthracite. The heating value of each progressively higher rank of coal increases due to higher carbon content. coal resource estimates (from Wood and others, 1983): measured coal—Tonnage estimates for measured coal resources are determined by projection of thicknesses of coal and overburden, rank, and quality data for a radius of 0.25 mile (0.4 kilometer) from a drill hole or outcrop point of measurement. Measured coal resources include anthracite and bituminous coal 14 or more inches (35 or more centimeters) thick and lignite and subbituminous coal 30 or more inches (75 or more centimeters) thick, to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 meters). indicated coal—Tonnage estimates for indicated coal resources are determined by projection of thicknesses of coal and overburden, rank, and quality data for a radius of 0.25 mile (0.4 km) to 0.75 mile (1.2 kilometers) from a drill hole or outcrop point of measurement. Indicated coal resources include anthracite and bituminous coal 14 or more inches (35 or more centimeters) thick and lignite and subbituminous coal 30 or more inches (75 or more centimeters) thick, to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 meters). demonstrated coal—Demonstrated coal resources are the sum of the estimates for measured and indicated coal resources. Demonstrated coal resources include anthracite and bituminous coal 14 or more inches (35 or more centimeters) thick and lignite and subbituminous coal 30 or more inches (75 or more centimeters) thick, to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 meters). inferred coal—Tonnage estimates for inferred coal resources are determined by projection of thicknesses of coal and overburden, rank, and quality data for a radius of 0.75 mile (1.2 kilometers) to 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) from a drill hole or outcrop point of measurement. Inferred coal resources include anthracite and bituminous coal 14 or more inches (35 or more centimeters) thick and lignite and subbituminous coal 30 or more inches (75 or more centimeters) or more thick, to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 meters). identified coal—Identified coal resources are the sum of demonstrated (measured + indicated) and inferred coal resources. Identified coal resources include anthracite and bituminous coal 14 or more inches (35 or more centimeters) thick and lignite and subbituminous coal 30 or more inches (75 or more centimeters) thick, to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 meters). hypothetical coal—Hypothetical coal resources represent undiscovered coal in beds beyond a radius of 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) that may reasonably be expected to exist based on known geologic conditions including thickness and lateral continuity of coal seams, environment of coal deposition, and general coal quality and rank of the sedimentary basin. In general, tonnages of hypothetical coal resources are estimated based on evidence from distant outcrops and drill holes. Hypothetical coal resources include anthracite and bituminous coal 14 or more inches (35 or more centimeters) thick and lignite and subbituminous coal 30 or more inches (75 or more centimeters) thick to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 meters). conventional oil and gas resources—Hydrocarbons that will flow to production wells without first having to make dramatic changes to either the reservoir rock or the reservoir fluids (in contrast, see ‘unconventional oil and gas resources’). These methods include flow though its own physical pressure, physical lift, water flooding and pressure from water or natural gas. CretaCeous—The youngest period of the mesozoiC era of the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 145.5 million and 65 million years ago. crust—The outermost layer of the Earth. The thickness of the crust depends on whether it underlies ocean basins (oceanic crust) or continents (continental crust). The average thickness of oceanic crust is 3 miles and continental crust is 21 miles. deltaic—Pertaining to or characterized by a river delta; for instance, “deltaic sedimentation” or “deltaic deposit.” A delta is a triangular-shaped landform that may form at the mouth of a river, where the river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, or lake. As the river flow enters the standing water, it is no longer confined to its channel and expands in width, flow velocity is reduced, and sediment drops out of the flow-forming deposits. The name “delta” is derived from the landform’s similarity to the shape of the Greek letter Δ (delta). Deltas may be either river-, wave-, or tide-dominated, and these controls influence the resulting shape of deltaic deposits. devonian—A period of the PaleozoiC era of the geologic time scale, spanning between 416 million and 359 million years ago. Appendix II Page 140PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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