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International Geothermal Conference, Reykjavík, Sept. 2003 Session #2 6 GeothermalresourcesinCentralAmericaandMexico and UNU/GTP Fellows’ contributions UNU/GTP Fellows are involved in the development of new fields and cooperate with third parties in the development of geothermal resources. 6.1 Guatemala In 2003, Guatemala now has two geothermal power plants installed. The first is a privately operated 5 MW backpressure unit in the Amatitlán Caldera Project, which has been in operation for three years, with the goal to install a condensing 25-30 MWe plant. The second is a privately owned and operated 28 MWe power plant, which came on line in 1999, and is located in the Zunil I geothermal field. In the Zunil II Geothermal Field, the potential for power generation has been assessed at 40-50 MWe. At the end of 1999, Guatemala had 29 MWe on line, which is 3.68% of the country’s installed capacity with 216 GWh of power generated, equivalent to 3.7% from a total of 9 production wells in Zunil I, and 4 in Amatitlán (Huttrer, G., 2000; Roldan Manzo, A.R. and Palma Ayala, J.C., 2000). One of the UNU/GTP Fellows is currently planning to work in a Global Environment Facility (GEF) program to be implemented by INDE. This is designed to promote renewable energy such as geothermal by overcoming physical and institutional barriers for investment in the electricity sector through initiatives to increase the competitiveness of renewable energy, the development of a database, and by working on an institutional framework. Following geochemical studies executed from 1995 to 2000, the areas of Totonicapán, Moyuta, Tecuamburro and San Marcos have been identified as potential commercial targets. Currently, the Totonicapán Geothermal Field is the subject of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study. 6.2 Honduras Honduras does not have a geothermal power plant. Even though regional studies were performed during the seventies and eighties by the United Nations and USAID, more than thirty years have gone by and no additional studies have been performed. Some attempts have been made by the ENEE-Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica to obtain financing to continue with the studies (Castillo et al., 2000). In 1980 and 1988, two UNU/GTP Fellows from ENEE were sent to Iceland to be trained in geophysical exploration and borehole geology. One of them moved over to the hydro department of ENEE when geothermal work slowed down in the country. There is no record on the other. 6.3 El Salvador Since the first power plant was commissioned in Ahuachapán in 1974, which over the subsequent 6 years was built up to the capacity of 95 MWe, El Salvador did not experience further development of its geothermal resources for a long time due to the civil war in the 1980s. The Ahuachapán power plant was under the administration of Comisión Ejecutiva Hidroeléctrica del Rio Lempa (CEL). In this time, an over exploitation of the field caused a pressure decline and the average generation was 40- 45 MWe. During the 1990s, exploration studies were executed in the southern zone at Ahuachapán - Chipilapa (east of Ahuachapán, 1990), Berlin - Chinameca (1993- S02 Paper002 Page 17PDF Image | geothermal development in Central America
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