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International Geothermal Conference, Reykjavík, Sept. 2003 Session #2 well is now used as a pressure monitoring well. The UNU/GTP Fellows participated actively in leading this project. • Other projects: Feasibility of a Binary Power Plant in Berlin; injection augmentation in Ahuachapán; exploration projects in Apastepeque Obrajuelo. • UNU/GTP Fellows are also working outside El Salvador, specifically in Nicaragua’s San Jacinto - Tizate Geothermal Field where LaGeo has been in charge of changing the technical design of the steam gathering system, designed previously by a private company. LaGeo is responsible for the bidding document, awarding the execution of the contract and supervising the installations of the surface facilities. 6.4 Nicaragua The Instituto Nicaragüense de Energía (INE) commissioned the first single-flash unit of 35 MWe in the Momotombo Geothermal Field in 1983. A similar second unit was built and installed in 1989. Power production declined to 20 MWe in the late 1980s due to a drop in production pressure and production constrained by injection. A private operator signed a contract with INE in 1999 to restore the power generation up to 70 MWe. Since then, power generation was raised to the presently utilized capacity of 35 MWe (Huttrer, G., 2000). Several activities have been performed such as drilling of new wells, and chemical stimulation of wells. The only active UNU/GTP Fellow, a reservoir engineer, worked on well workovers with a service provider in the chemical stimulation program and was in charge of leading the implementation of a calcite inhibition system. 6.5 Costa Rica Since 1994, when the first power plant was commissioned (55 MWe), the installed geothermal power generation capacity has grown to 142.5 MWe. Costa Rica plans to have an installed capacity of 161 MWe by the end of 2003 (Huttrer, G., 2000). All technical work within the disciplines of geothermal investigations are being executed by UNU/GTP Fellows trained in the last twelve years (1990-2002). Particularly in the Miravalles geothermal field, UNU/GTP Fellows are involved in the continuous update of reservoir models as the field expands, in the execution of isotope studies, and in the hydraulic characterization of the field. Furthermore, environmental scientists are working with the environmental assessment of Miravalles, educational programs and environmental communication. The implementation of the ISO 14000 standards is also in progress. In parallel with the expansion of the Miravalles field in the last decade, the geothermal areas of Tenorio and Rincón de la Vieja geothermal have also been explored with the participation of UNU/GTP Fellows. Recent drilling campaigns have taken place in Las Pailas (SE of Volcán Rincón de la Vieja) and Borínquen (NW of Volcán Rincon de la Vieja) areas, with the UNU/GTP Fellows in charge of borehole geology. UNU/GTP Fellows are integrating new information and developing conceptual models of the fields. Once new wells are drilled, they have continuously monitored the production and thermohydraulic conditions. The contribution of UNU/GTP Fellows has helped Costa Rica to gain a leading position in the utilization of geothermal energy in Central America. S02 Paper002 Page 19PDF Image | geothermal development in Central America
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