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GEOTHERmAl ENERGy reservoir studies To extract the available heat from the subsurface aquifers have to satisfy certain geological conditions. The development of a geothermal system at a certain location starts with exploration of suitable water bearing rocks meeting the geological conditions required. Studies do not end here however. Reservoir simulations are necessary to predict temperature and pressure effects in the aquifer. TNO has developed reservoir models to estimate these effects that also can be used for spatial planning. GeoloGical field studies Exploration starts with a quickscan to find out if potential permeable strata are present. Next in depth feasibility studies will be performed. TNO has an extensive track record in many geological and reservoir studies. Based on well data and seismic interpretations TNO is able to perform detailed site-specific assessment studies and to estimate geological properties like porosity, permeability, depth and thickness at the location of interest. temperature modellinG The impact of erroneous temperature interpretation can be very significant in geothermal exploration. For direct use applications, including spatial and greenhouse heating, one degree difference in production temperature results in a change in performance of up to 3%. TNO has developed a 3D modelling approach which overcomes this interpolation problem using numerical, thermal models based on tectonic processes. This knowledge can be used in future reservoir studies. spatial planninG Well layouts can be optimised under uncertainty of the subsurface, adopting state of the art optimisation techniques developed in the oil and gas industry. Key to these techniques is to assess holistically the sensitivity of reservoir performance to particular well design parameters while fully incorporating the effects of subsurface uncertainty on reservoir performance. TNO is using state-of-the-art optimisation techniques for geothermal doublet performance. These models incorporate the full complexity of geological structural and stratigraphic uncertainty and the practical trade-off of the collective benefits of collective development vs. the risks and additional costs for individual project developers. 5PDF Image | Geothermal Energy
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