Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles

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Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles ( low-grade-heat-conversion-into-power-using-small-scale-organ )

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Figure 3.5 - World suitable areas for solar thermal power plants (Hamnet, 2010) ................62 Figure 3.6 - Parabolic Trough and Compact Linear Fresnel collectors ...................................63 Figure 3.7 - Principle of a Parabolic Trough System ..................................................................63 Figure 3.8 – Schematic of the solar ORC tested in Lesotho (Orosz et al., 2009) ..................64 Figure 3.9 – Schematic of the SPS power unit (Kane et al., 2003) ...........................................65 Figure 3.10 – Principle of a Solar Pond Power Plant .................................................................67 Figure 3.11 - Share of renewable energy sources and technologies in renewable energy powered desalination processes (Source: Mathioulakis et al., 2007)...................68 Figure 3.12 - Schematic of a Rankine driven reverse osmosis desalination system ...............69 Figure 3.13 – Solar thermo-mechanical refrigeration system (Kim and Ferreira, 2008) .......71 Figure 3.14 – Solar heated Rankine combined power/air conditioning system.....................72 Figure 3.15 - The combined ejector/Rankine cycle (Oliveira et al., 2002)..............................73 Figure 3.16 - Potential locations for OTEC plants.....................................................................74 Figure 3.17 - Schematic of a closed OTEC (Source: www.seao2.com)...................................74 Figure 3.18 – Schematic of a hybrid OTEC system (Takahashi and Trenka, 1992)..............75 Figure 3.19 - Schematic of a biomass power plant (Obernberger et al., 2002).......................79 Figure 3.20 – View of a compact ORC module ..........................................................................80 Figure 4.1 - General selection procedure .....................................................................................91 Figure 4.2 - Schematic of the low-temperature solar organic Rankine cycle with heat storage system .........................................................................................................................92 Figure 4.3 - T-s process diagram of the ORC .............................................................................93 Figure 4.4 - Average Monthly Ambient Temperature for three locations: Bamako (Mali), Garoua (Cameroon) and Bangkok (Thailand). ......................................................94 Figure 4.5 - Turbine outlet volume flow rate versus turbine inlet temperature for various working fluids at Tc=35 °C......................................................................................96 Figure 4.6 - System thermal efficiency versus turbine inlet pressure for (a) fluids with low normal boiling points and (b) fluids with high normal boiling points at Tc=35 °C and ∆Tht=15 °C.....................................................................................................97 Figure 4.7 - System second law efficiency versus turbine inlet pressure for (a) fluids with low normal boiling points and (b) fluids with high normal boiling points at Tc=35 °C and ∆Tht=15 °C.....................................................................................................98 Page | 24

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