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Figure 6.24 - Exergy flow graph ................................................................................................. 156 Figure 6.25 - Irreversibilities in different components ............................................................ 158 Figure 6.26 - T-s diagram and secondary fluid temperature profiles .................................... 159 Figure 6.27 - Expander and pumps exergy efficiency vs shaft rotation speed .................... 160 Figure 6.28 - Evaporator and condenser exergetic efficiencies.............................................. 161 Figure 6.29 - Cycle exergy efficiency vs rotation speed........................................................... 161 Figure 6.30 - Cycle performance comparison with different fluids....................................... 162 Figure 6.31 - Expander efficiency for different fluids ............................................................. 163 Figure 7.1 - ORC in waste heat recovery application .............................................................. 166 Figure 7.2 - Under and over-expansion losses.......................................................................... 167 Figure 7.3 - Three-zone model of the heat exchangers........................................................... 168 Figure 7.4 - Pump model ............................................................................................................. 168 Figure 7.5 - Temperature-entropy diagram ............................................................................... 170 Figure 7.6 - Heat input, heat rejected and temperature of the rejected exhaust.................. 171 Figure 7.7 - Net power output and cycle efficiency ................................................................. 171 Figure 7.8 - Cycle, recuperation and global efficiency ............................................................. 172 Figure 7.9 - Variation of LEC with lifetime.............................................................................. 176 Figure 7.10 - LEC for 20 years lifetime ..................................................................................... 177 Figure 7.11 - Variation of NPV with electricity price for a 2 kWe ORC-WHR.................. 178 Figure 7.12 – Influence of subsidies on NPV for small ORC-WHR (Electricity Price: 7c€/kWh).............................................................................................................................. 178 Figure 7.13 - Variation of the heat exchangers and working fluid costs .............................. 181 Figure 7.14 - Variation of the pump and expander costs with the evaporator pressure .... 181 Figure 7.15 - Contribution of individual cost components on the TIC with R123 as working fluid......................................................................................................................... 183 Figure 7.16 - Minimum SIC and Maximum net power ........................................................... 183 Page | 27PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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