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2.1 Introduction 2 - Rankine Power Cycles The Rankine vapor power cycle is one of various cycles that were developed for power generation. It was named after the works of William John Macquorn Rankine who developed the scientific background of this cycle. The basic Rankine cycle made up of four components was later modified to give birth to more advanced and efficient Rankine cycle configurations. In this chapter, a brief recall of the history of the inventor is given and different cycles are presented to highlight the differences with the original Rankine cycle. Notes on advanced and innovative Rankine power cycles and combinations with other cycles are also given. 2.2 Heat engine definition A heat engine is simply a device that converts the thermal energy into mechanical work. The energy conversion is driven by the temperature gradient between a heat reservoir at temperature TH and a cold reservoir at temperature TL, (TH > TL). An essential component of the heat engine is the working medium, which thanks to its thermophysical properties transfers the heat received from the heat source to the sink while part of it is turned into mechanical work (see Figure 2.1). Heat source ( TH ) . Heat input (Qin ) . Heat rejected ( Qout ) . Useful work ( W ) Heat sink ( TL ) Figure 2.1 – Schematic of a heat engine A heat engine during its operation can be open to the atmospheric air or closed to the environment. Usually, it is admitted that the higher the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold sink, the higher will be the thermal efficiency. Seeking to increase the thermal efficiency of a heat engine, a natural limit is given by the ambient temperature that cannot be lowered, thus the efforts should focus on how to increase the temperature of the heat source. Page | 35PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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