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2.4.1.2 Inventor’s short history Figure 2.4 - William John Macquorn Rankine (1820-1872) William John Macquorn Rankine (Figure 2.4) was a Scottish mathematical physicist and engineer who was one of three founders along with German physicist Rudolph Clausius and English physicist William Thomson, of ―Theoretical Thermodynamics‖. His publication record consists of several hundreds of papers and notes on science and engineering topics. He is author of several manuals which were used several decades after their publication in the 1850s and 1860s. Among his important works are (O'Connor and Robertson, 2005): A Manual of Applied Mechanics (1858), Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859), Civil Engineering (1862), Useful Rules and Tables Relating to Mensuration, Engineering, Structures and Machines (1866), Machinery and Millwork (1869), and Mechanical Textbook (1873). In 1853, he introduced the concept of ―Potential Energy‖. One of the chapters of his 1859 book titled ―Principles of Thermodynamics‖ is said to be the first treatise in Thermodynamics. He was honored by many scientific societies: Royal Society of Edinburgh (1849), Royal Society of London (1853), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1856) and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1868). 2.4.2 Trilateral flash cycle It is being widely recognized in a heat engine for which the heat source temperature varies as it is cooled by the working medium as in the case of binary geothermal power plants or waste heat recovery systems, that the rectangular Carnot cycle as reference cycle for efficiency is not appropriate. Another cycle is being proposed for such cases by several authors (Wilson, 1986; Badr et al., 1986; DiPippo, 2007; Bryson, 2007) named triangular or tri-lateral cycle. Such a cycle is depicted in Figure 2.5. Four processes are observed. The working fluid in the boiler absorbs the heat at constant pressure (4-1), and then the saturated liquid is expanded in the turbine (1-2). After the expansion, the mixture of liquid and vapour is passed through the condenser in which the vapour is condensed back to liquid an then the wholly liquid working fluid is cooled at a low pressure (2-3). The cycle is completed when the sub-cooled liquid is pumped back to the boiler (3-4). Page | 39PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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