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Figure 2.8 – Stirling engine configurations Stirling and Ericsson engines are mechanical devices working theoretically on the Stirling and Ericsson cycles or their modifications. Early studies on Stirling and Ericsson engines focused only on theoretical aspects, because they were difficult to achieve in practice. However, there is a renewed interest on these engines because of their potential for higher efficiency and better emission control. As external combustion engines, the fuel for these engines is burned outside the system; allowing a more efficient combustion process and a variety of fuels such as solar energy, waste heat, or various biomass products to be used. Working fluids suitable for these engines are methane, helium, hydrogen and air. Figure 2.9 - Micro-Biomass Stirling CHP and Solar Euro-Dish Stirling Concentrator (Sources: Dong et al., 2009 and www.quaschning.de) Recent reports give account of the development of small scale Stirling biomass and solar energy power systems. Typical operating temperature of these systems is about 900-1073 K resulting in an electric efficiency of about 25-40%. These power systems are well adapted for distributed electricity generation especially in remote areas. Figure 2.9 shows two prototypes of micro-stirling power generation systems. Biomass Stirling engines could use all kinds of biomass, e.g. agricultural waste, log or wood chips, sawdust, pellets, shells of fruits as fuel. Several prototypes were constructed and successfully tested in Austria with power output from 3 to 75 kWe (Podesser, 1999; Biedermann et al., 2004, Lensu and Alakangas, 2004). Solar dish engines have been under investigation for several decades now with power output from 5 up to 100 kW (Mills, 2004; Trieb et al., 1997). They offer great Page | 43PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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