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3 2 23 4 (a) 4 1 2 4 11 3 2 1 Volume Entropy (b) 3 4 Volume Figure 2.10 – Thermodynamic diagrams for ideal reciprocating engines: (a) Otto cycle and (b) Diesel cycle 2.5 Advanced Rankine cycles 2.5.1 Superheated Rankine cycles In a Rankine cycle where wet fluids with high boiling points such as water, methanol or ethanol are used, the average temperature at which heat is added to the cycle can be increased during the isobaric heat addition process in the evaporator. This results in an increase in the net power output and a desirable decrease of the moisture content of the working fluid after the expansion process (Çengel and Boles, 2002). The effects of the superheating can be appreciated on the T-s diagram depicted in Figure 2.11. Superheating takes the saturated vapor (state 3) to state 3‘ and this results in an increase of the power output represented by the area 23‘4‘4 with less moisture as the expansion process ends at state 4‘ and not at state 4. A safe operation of the turbine is obtained when there is no droplet is the turbine during the expansion. This is obtained by superheating the saturated vapor fluid up to state 3‖. Entropy Page | 45 Pressure Pressure Temperature TemperaturePDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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