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Supercritical Rankine cycle Transcritical Rankine cycle 2 1 3 3’ 4 Subcritical Rankine cycle Figure 2.12 – Supercritical, transcritical and subcritical Rankine cycles There is an increasing interest in using carbon dioxide (CO2) as working fluid for power generation in nuclear plants, waste heat recovery systems as well as in solar thermal power installations. Carbon dioxide is chosen as working fluid for many reasons: it is abundant and environment-friendly, non-flammable, non-toxic, cheap and its thermophysical properties are well known. Chen et al., (2006), and Cayer et al., (2009), reported studies on the application of CO2 in low-temperature transcritical Rankine cycles in waste heat recovery application. A series of theoretical and experimental investigations on solar powered Rankine cycle using transcritical carbon dioxide were carried out at Doshisha University, Japan (Zhang et al., 2006 & 2007; Yamaguchi et al., 2006). 2.5.3 Regenerative Rankine cycles 2.5.3.1 Reheat regenerative cycle Generally, it is admitted that increasing the boiler pressure in a simple Rankine cycle using a wetting fluid such as steam increases the efficiency of the power plant. Nevertheless, it should be noted that on the other hand it could lead to excess moisture content in the turbine during the expansion process. A practical solution used in modern steam power plants is the integration of a two-stage turbine with a reheat in between. A schematic of a reheat regenerative Rankine cycle is shown on Figure 2.13. In a reheat cycle, the working fluid is expanded twice; first in the high pressure turbine (3-4) and secondly in the low pressure turbine (5-6). There is a possibility of a double reheat cycle, provided system materials can withstand very high pressures (Çengel and Boles, 2002). Entropy Page | 47 TemperaturePDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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