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liquid at low pressure (1). After the absorber the mixture is pumped to a high pressure (2) and preheated before entering the boiler by recovering heat from the weak hot solution returning to the absorber. In the next step, the mixture is partially boiled in a boiler (4). A condenser/rectifier is used to increase concentration of volatile component (ammonia) in the vapor, by partially condensing water out of the vapor from the boiler (6). The condensate is richer in water and returned to the boiler (5). Ammonia is superheated after the condenser/rectifier to raise its temperature (7). The superheated vapor, which is almost pure ammonia, can be expanded through a turbine to produce work (8). Due to the low boiling point of ammonia the expanded vapor after turbine yields the potential for refrigeration. The vapor is finally absorbed back into the liquid, giving off heat as the cycle heat output (9). Since its invention, the combined power/cooling cycle has been the focus point of intense investigation as it is being considered as promising for solar as well as for geothermal applications. Optimum operating conditions of the cycle have been investigated by Sandrameli and Goswami (2007), Vijayaraghavan (2003) and Pouraghaie et al. (2010). A prototype was built and tested at the University of Florida by Tamm (2003). Pump Cooler Condenser/rectifier 6 5 Boiler 3 2’ 10 11 2 3’ 4 Superheater 13 14 7 H.E Turbine 112 8 9 Absorber Figure 2.19 – A combined ammonia-based combined power/cooling cycle (Source: Xu et al., 2000) 2.5.5 Rankine combined cycles In section 2.4 a recall of major power cycles was done showing differences between various existing engineering designs. Some engines possess a high maximum temperature and reject heat at relatively high temperature. On the other hand, others have moderate maximum temperature and reject heat at a temperature close to the ambient temperature. A Page | 54PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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