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systems are: solar ponds, solar chimneys and low/medium-temperature collectors (flat plate, evacuated tube and compound parabolic collectors). Figure 3.4 gives an overview of different technologies. Solar concentrating systems are best suited for locations with average annual direct incidence radiation above 1800 kWh/m2/year (Muller-Steinhagen & Trieb, 2004). Figure 3.5 shows various locations of the world with different potentials; most suitable areas being located in the sun-belt: Southern Europe, North-Africa, Middle-East, Australia, Nevada, Sahara and Kalahari deserts. The above areas are characterized by higher proportion of direct irradiance compared with diffuse irradiance, and even considering fast cost reduction for photovoltaic systems in near future, solar thermal will remain more competitive in these locations (Quaschning and Blanco, 2001). Figure 3.5 - World suitable areas for solar thermal power plants (Hamnet, 2010) 3.2.2.1 Line focusing systems A| The technologies Linear focusing collectors include two types of collectors: parabolic troughs and Fresnel collectors. Parabolic trough systems use reflectors curved around one axis using a linear parabolic shape, which has the property of collecting parallel rays along a single line focus and nearly parallel rays from the solar beam in a line image. A long tube receiver placed at the focal line of the trough shaped mirror reflectors receives the concentrated sunlight and heats the heat transfer fluid. The linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) technology is also a single axis tracking technology as the parabolic trough but differs from it in that the absorber is fixed in space above the mirror field and the reflector is composed of many long row segments which focus collectively on an elevated long tower receiver running parallel to the reflector rotational axis. Both technologies are illustrated in Figure 3.6. Page | 62PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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