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CSP technology. Linear Fresnel system is still under development and first plants integrating this relatively new technology are awaited. Table 3.3- Performance data of the nine solar electricity generating systems built in California, USA (source: Muller-Steinhagen and Trieb, 2004) Name Site Capacity (MW) Commissioning year Annual solar-electric (%) Max. temperature (oC) Investment ($/kWe) Electricity cost ($/kWh) Annual output (GWh/y) SEG I-II Dagget 14+30 1985-1986 9.0-10.5 307-350 3800-4500 0.27-0.18 30+80 SEGS II-VII Krammer Junction 5 x 30 1987-1989 11.0-12.5 370-390 3200-3800 0.18-0.12 5 x 92 SEGS VIII-IX Harper Lake 2 x 80 1990-1991 13.8 390 2890 0.14-0.11 2 x 250 3.2.2.2 Modular Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Systems A number of factors are creating an increased market potential for small power plants (Tchanche et al., 2009c): the need of distributed power systems for rural settlements in remote areas, the need to generate clean electricity, the need for sustainable power for economic growth in developing countries, and the deregulation and privatization of the electrical generation sector worldwide. Mature binary geothermal and medium collector technologies can be merged to produce distributed modular power plants in the kW to MW range. Advantages of small solar trough/linear Fresnel ORC systems include (Hassani and Price, 2001): Low temperature operation (<300 °C), modularity, reduced capital and O&M costs, and good economy-of-scale. However, up to now very few CSP plants combining medium temperature collectors and ORC modules have been investigated. Collector: Parabolic Trough, Array area: 75m2, Thermal efficiency: 0.6, ORC efficiency: 0.1, System output: 3 kW, Thermal input: 37 kW, Working fluid: R245fa Air Condenser Linear Parabolic Collector Expander Generator Vaporizer Working fluid pump Circulating Pump Figure 3.8 – Schematic of the solar ORC tested in Lesotho (Orosz et al., 2009) Heat Recovery Page | 64PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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