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Evaporator Fuel Solar collector field Exhaust gas HX Motor ~ Preheater Sub-cooler ORC – R123 Recuperator ORC – R134a Condenser Cooling water ~ Expander ~ Expander Figure 3.9 – Schematic of the SPS power unit (Kane et al., 2003) Arizona Public Service (APS) in order to satisfy its obligation under the Arizona Environmental Portfolio Standard (EPS) issued a request for proposal for a 1 MW parabolic trough plant in 2002. The construction started in 2004 and ended in 2005. LS-2 collectors were provided by Solargenix and the ORC supplied by ORMAT with n-pentane as working fluid. The ORC and solar to electricity efficiency were 20.7% and 12.1% respectively (Canada, 2004; Fischer et al. 2004). Small scale solar ORCs have been investigated for several decades, but could not be widely applied mostly because of lack of small and efficient expansion devices. Research has been intensified last years as a result of the successful conversion of the conventional compressors into expanders with global isentropic efficiency up to 75%. Several trials prove that small scale solar ORCs can be built with good reliability using HVAC components. Medium temperature collectors coupled with ORC modules could efficiently work as cogeneration systems producing water and clean electricity. On-site tests carried out in Lesotho by STG (Solar Turbine Group, MIT) showed that the technology is feasible and cost-effective in off-grid areas and could be applied in developing countries where billions of people live without access to electricity (Orosz, 2009; Orosz et al., 2009). Figure 3.8 shows the Solar ORC tested and the design specifications. Page | 65PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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