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into electricity. Organic fluids such as octamethyltrisiloxanes (OMTS) and alkylbenzenes insure the optimal operation of the cycle as shown by Drescher and Bruggemann (2007). The condensation heat is used to produce the hot water at a temperature between 80 and 120 °C suitable for district heating and other thermal processes such as wood drying and sorption cooling. Thermal oil cycle Thermal oil ECO Evaporator Silicon oil pump Turbine G Generator (directly coupled) Thermal oil boiler Biomass Furnace Combustion air pre-heater Flue gas Economizer Regenerator Condenser District Heating Combustion air Figure 3.19 - Schematic of a biomass power plant (Obernberger et al., 2002) Biomass ORC CHP plants at medium scale (100-1500 kW) have been successfully demonstrated and are now commercially available (Schuster et al., 2009). The number of installed plants is rapidly increasing as the technology is becoming mature and cost effective. Till now, most of installations are in Europe, and Stadtwarme Lienz Austria (1.0 MWe), Sauerlach Bavaria (0.70 MWe), Toblach South Tyrol (1.10 MWe), and Fuβach Austria (1.50 MWe) are few of them. Although at least a hundred plants have been installed throughout the world, technical data on existing plants are very scarce. Evaluations reports were released for two plants installed for demonstration in Austria (Obernberger and Hammerschmid 2001; Obernberger et al., 2002; Dong et al., 2009): Admont CHP plant (400 kWe) and Lienz (1000 kWe). The biomass CHP plant in Lienz supplies the town of Lienz with district heat (60 GWh/year) and feeds the electricity produced (7.20 GWh/year) into the grid. The plant is fully automatic, and presents excellent part load operation with and electrical efficiency of 18%. The overall plant efficiency amounts to 82%. Specific installation cost was estimated at about 2765 €/kWe and electricity production costs in the range 9-14 c€/kWhe depending on the fuel price and capacity utilization. Page | 79PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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