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4.4 Case study: a low-temperature solar organic Rankine cycle 4.4.1 System description and modeling 4.4.1.1 System description A schematic of the system is shown in Figure 4.2. Hot water serving as heat transfer fluid at maximum temperature of 90 °C is produced by conversion of solar radiation into heat by solar collectors. Characteristics of 20 potential working fluids are evaluated and compared for a 2 kWe micro-power system. >75 oC Evaporator 90 oC Expander Work Condenser 35 oC Solar collectors Heat storage Tank Preheater Liquid Fluid reservoir Pump 76 oC Water Pump Water Pump Control Control Figure 4.2 - Schematic of the low-temperature solar organic Rankine cycle with heat storage system The present organic Rankine cycle system consists of heat exchangers (pre-heater, boiler/evaporator), a micro-turbine/expander, a condenser and a pump. The micro-turbine considered here is similar to the scroll expander investigated by Kane (2002), Manolakos et al. (2007), Quoilin et al. (2008) and Lemort (2006 & 2008). The pump supplies the working fluid to the heat exchangers (preheater, evaporator) where it is heated and vaporized by the hot water from the collector array. The generated high pressure vapor flows into the expander and its enthalpy is converted into work. The low pressure vapor exits the expander and is led to the condenser where it is liquefied by air. The liquid available at the condenser outlet is pumped back to the upper heat exchangers and a new cycle begins. All the above described processes are shown in a T-s diagram in Figure 4.3. Page | 92PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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