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In Table 4.8, the second law efficiency varies from 15.3% (R32) to 28.7% (water). Effects of the turbine inlet pressure on the system second law efficiency can be seen on Figure 4.7. For low boiling point fluids, second law efficiency shows a maximum which suggests the existence of an optimal operating condition. System second law efficiency for the second group increases in a short range 0-1.0 MPa and decreases slightly for higher pressures. 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 1500 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 Figure 4.7 - System second law efficiency versus turbine inlet pressure for (a) fluids with low normal boiling points and (b) fluids with high normal boiling points at Tc=35 °C and ∆Tht=15 °C 4.4.2.4 Irreversibility From Table 4.8, system total irreversibility varies in the range 3.79-5.15 kW. Water and R407C yield the lowest and highest irreversibility rates, respectively. Figure 4.8 shows the irreversibility distribution for different components and for different fluids. It can be seen that the upper heat exchangers (preheater, evaporator) are the components that R134a R152a (a) R407C R290 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Turbine inlet pressure [kPa] (b) Water Ethanol R123 n-Pentane 0 500 1000 Turbine inlet pressure [kPa] 1500 2000 2500 Page | 98 Second law efficiency [%] Second law efficiency [%]PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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