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have the biggest contribution to the overall irreversibility followed by the turbine. Both components represent 78% of the system total irreversibility. 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 R134a Pump Ethanol Condenser Components RC318 R407C Preheater- Evaporator Turbine Figure 4.8 - The distribution of irreversibility in different components for several fluids: R134a, R407C, RC318 and Ethanol. The analysis of the system irreversibility was carried out based on the changes operated on some parameters. In order to study the effects of the heat source temperature on the system irreversibility, the temperature difference between the heat source and the turbine inlet was maintained constant (∆Tht=15 °C). While varying the turbine inlet temperature and keeping the working fluid state along the vapor saturation curve, Figures 4.9 show that the effects of the heat source temperature on the system irreversibility. In Figure 4.9a, the system total irreversibility decreases faster for low boiling points fluids as the operation pressure at the turbine inlet increases and reaches a limit of 4 kW. The lowest irreversibility rate is obtained for RC318. In Figure 4.9b, the system total irreversibility increases as the pressure at the turbine inlet increases. For this category, the system irreversibility is lower compared to fluids with low boiling points temperature. Water yields the lowest irreversibility rate followed by methanol and ethanol. Page | 99 I [kW]PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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