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4.4.2.8 Study of the heat transfer in the heat exchangers The heat exchange process between the heat transfer fluid and the working fluid is studied using the energy balance in the upper heat exchangers. It can be expressed as: .. mhtf (hH -hpp,htf )=mwf (h1-hpp,wf ) (4.13) .. mhtf (hpp,htf -ho,htf )= mwf (hpp,wf -h4 ) (4.14) .. Where mhtf and mwf are the mass flow rates of heat transfer fluid and working fluid, respectively. hpp,htf and hpp,wf are the enthalpies of the heat transfer fluid and the working fluid at the pinch point, respectively. ho,htf is the enthalpy of the heat transfer fluid after leaving the upper heat exchangers. The set pinch-point temperature difference is ΔTpp =6 °C . Figure 4.15 shows the temperature profiles in the upper heat exchangers for three working fluids: R134a, methanol and R407C. The temperature profiles depend on the properties of the fluids: latent heat of vaporization, the shape of the saturation curve, the thermal conductivity among others. From Figure 4.15, the heat amounts transferred to the cycle through the preheater and evaporator depend upon the fluid. Therefore, the pinch point analysis should be considered when designing the system for an efficient heat transfer in the preheater and evaporator. From Figure 4.15, unlike methanol which requires a small preheater and a large evaporator, R134a and R407C will require larger preheater and smaller evaporator. Using methanol most of the heat will be transferred during the phase change; this is due to the fact that at 75 o C methanol possess high latent heat of vaporization. In case of a zoetropic fluid (R407C), the temperature varies during the phase change and leads to better efficiency of the heat exchangers. Page | 104PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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