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5 - Exergy Analysis of Micro-Organic Rankine Power Cycles 5.1 Introduction In chapter 4, the criteria that should fulfill a good working fluid were established and a procedure proposed for the selection of most suitable ones for a low-temperature cycle driven by a heat source temperature below 90 oC. The present chapter aims at comparing several organic Rankine cycle configurations in view of seeking an improvement of the system performance. The configurations considered are obtained from regenerative processes i.e. incorporation of regenerator or feedliquid heaters. Limits in systems‘ efficiency are further established for different configurations and analyzed for determining if it is worth modifying the simple Rankine cycle system when designing a low-temperature solar driven system. Moreover, the effects of the heat source temperature and pinch point temperature difference are also analyzed. 5.2 Exergy analysis Till 1970s, the most commonly-used method for analysis of energy conversion processes was the energy analysis. Since this period, the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the will to reduce harmful emissions from energy intensive systems pushed to the development of methods of analysis of thermodynamic processes. The new methodology is exergy analysis and its optimization component known as entropy generation minimization (Sciubba and Wall, 2007; Bejan, 2002; Wall, 2009). Exergy analysis provides the tool for a clear distinction between energy losses to the environment and internal irreversibilities in the process. Exergy analysis is a methodology for the evaluation of the performance of devices and processes, and involves examining the exergy at different points in a series of energy conversion steps. Its results are often considered to provide a more meaningful and accurate representation of the efficiencies of the processes within a system. Therefore, it is an important tool in the analysis of energy conversion processes. The exergy analysis methodology is a combination of first and second laws of thermodynamics and takes into account the environmental conditions. Exergy analysis has been under a continuous development for many decades. It is becoming the most appropriate tool for thermodynamic analysis and process optimization. As a powerful tool, it is being applied to a wide variety of processes (Koroneos and Nanakis, 2008; Wall, 1995; Cerci, 2002; Cowden et al., 2001; Hepbasli, 2007). Numerous research works related to the exergy analysis of Rankine based power systems are available at the present in the scientific literature, such as those concerning Rankine driven vapor compression system (Nilufer and Karakas, 1986), steam power plants (Acar, 1997; Aljundi, 2009), solar thermal power plants (You and Hu, 2002; Singh et al., 2000), geothermal power plants (DiPippo, 2004; Kanoglu and Bolatturk, 2008), cogeneration plants (Kanoglu and Dincer, 2009) and Rankine driven desalination plants (Bouzayani et al., 2007). However, only a few research works devoted to the comparison of different organic Rankine power cycles using simultaneous energy and exergy analyses are available. Those of Mago et al. Page | 109PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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