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Second block: Determination of exergy flows associated with each connection represented on the exergy flow graph. For thermal power systems, there are four types of exergy flows: mass-flow, work, heat and fuel. Specific mass exergies related to these types can be calculated by the following equations: Specific exergy associated to i-flow of mass is the sum e =eph +ekn +ept +ech (5.4) iiiii In absence of chemical reaction (chemical equilibrium with the surroundings), and neglecting the potential and kinetic exergies, only the physical part of exergy is considered. Equation (5.4) then becomes e=h-h -T(s-s ) (5.5) iiooio Where hi and si are the specific enthalpy and specific entropy of the point considered, respectively. Specific exergy associated to i-heat flow is expressed as T ei=(1- o )qi (5.6) Ti Ti is the temperature at which the heat flow qi is transferred (added or removed from the body). Specific exergy of work of i-flow is equal to the specific work of the flow. Thus, ei=wi (5.7) Specific exergy of fuel is approximated by the following equation, ei =γ.LHV (5.8) Where γ stands for the exergy factor and denotes LHV the lower heating value of the fuel material. The exergy flow rate is Ei=miei (5.9) For the full determination of the exergy flows, a reference state also called ―restricted dead state‖ should be defined and the mass and energy balance equations applied to all components in view of determining the works output or input and the heat added or rejected. Mass and energy balances for any control volume at steady state with negligible potential and kinetic energy changes can be given, respectively, by (Çengel and Boles, 2002): Page | 115PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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