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5.4.1.3 Configuration 3 - Rankine engine with open feedliquid In this configuration, a feedliquid or mixing unit is incorporated in the simple Rankine engine. The pump (first pump) exit exergy is mixed to exergy extracted from the expander in order to reduce the exergy destruction in the evaporator. In comparison to the basic engine, this configuration will be more expensive as it requires two more devices: an additional pump and a mixing unit. From Table 5.3, it is observed that the feedliquid plays a significant role; the total amount of exergy destroyed is reduced from 4.2 kW in first two configurations to 3.9 kW. The degree of thermodynamic perfection is also increased from 79.34% in the first configuration and 79.16% in the second configuration to 83.7%. In contrast, the exergy efficiency is reduced by 15.38% compared with first two configurations; this is due to pumps‘ works. The evaporator performs better in this configuration: exergy efficiency increased from 79.83% (configuration 1) and 79.41% (configuration 2) to 88.76%. The degree of thermodynamic perfection does the same as can be seen in Table 5.3. The feedliquid heater is the most critical component; it has the highest coefficient of influence (53.91%) and contributes to the reduction of exergy losses in the evaporator significantly. This reduction reaches 50% (Table 5.3) while the expander remains the site of highest exergy losses with 2.72 kW and contributes for 69% of total exergy destroyed (Figure 5.6c). 5.4.1.4 Configuration 4 - Rankine engine with closed feedliquid heater A Rankine engine with a closed feedliquid heater is more complex than the previous configurations. Three components are added to the simple engine: an additional pump, a mixing unit and the feedliquid heater making it the most expensive engine. Compared to the Rankine engine with open feedliquid, results are similar. There is a slight increase in exergy efficiency and a slight decrease in degree of thermodynamic perfection (Table 5.3). The exergy loss distribution (Figure 5.6d) is almost the same with no exergy destroyed in the mixing unit which is also the most critical component with a coefficient of influence of 52.95%. 5.4.1.5 Conclusion Concluding this section (5.4.1), the simplest the cycle the best it will be from an exergetic efficiency viewpoint. The regenerative heat exchanger is regarded as useless using R134a. The incorporation of feedliquid improves the thermodynamic operation of the engine by reducing the exergy losses but the cost for that is a decrease in exergetic efficiency. The mixing unit, evaporator and expander appear as the key components. However, different modifications didn‘t affect the expander for which the performances remained poor. Page | 125PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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