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The collector efficiency is given by the following relation (Delgado-Torres and Garcia- Rodriguez, 2010): η =η-a(T -T )/G -a(T -T )2/G (5.22) sc 0 1 fm amb T 2 fm amb T Where: η0 = optical efficiency (-) a1 = linear heat loss coefficient (W/m2C) a2 = quadratic heat loss coefficient (W/m2C2) GT = solar irradiance on the aperture plane of the solar collector (W/m2) Tfm = mean temperature of the heat transfer fluid (K) Neglecting the heat losses from the insulated pipes of the collector loop, the useful heat (Qu) collected by the collector array can be derived from the following relation: .. ηsc= Qu = Qevap (5.23) GTAsc GTAsc The determination of exergy flows in solar thermal systems can be found in Suzuki (1988), Farahat et al. (2009), Pridasawas and Lundqvist (2004) and Hepbasli (2007). The exergy equations derived from the execution of First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics for the collector loop are listed below (Tchanche et al., 2009a): E =G A (1-T /T ) 1 T sc amb sun E =G A (1-η )(1-T /T ) 2 T c 0 amb sun E =UA (T -T )(1-T /T ) (5.24) (5.25) (5.26) (5.27) (5.28) (5.29) (5.30) 3 sc fm amb amb fm . E =mhtf C(T -T . mhtf ΔP ci ))+ E =mhtf C(T -T -T ln(T /T ))- 4 5 . E6=mhtf e6 ci amb -T amb ln(T /T ci amb ρhtf . . mhtf ΔP co ρhtf . co amb amb co amb E =W =Vc ΔP/(η η 7 circ c s,circ elec,circ ) Where: Tsun = apparent sun temperature: 4350 K U = overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2/K) Tfm = temperature of the absorber (K) : (Tco+Tci)/2 Tci = collector inlet temperature (K) Page | 131PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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