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Tco = collector outlet temperature (K) .3 Vc C ρhtf mhtf ∆Pci ∆Pco ∆Pc ηs,circ ηelec,circ = volume flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (m /s) = heat capacity of the heat transfer fluid (kJ/kg.K) = density of the hat transfer fluid (kg/m3) = mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (kg/s) = pressure drop at the collector inlet (kPa) = pressure drop at the collector outlet (kPa) = pressure drop across the collector array (kPa) = isentropic efficiency of the circulator (-) = electrical efficiency of the circulator (-) 5.4.4.3 Operating conditions and assumptions The present solar system is assimilated to the one investigated by Schuster et al. (2007) and Manolakos et al. (2007). Nevertheless, the desalination part is not taken into consideration in this investigation. Components characteristics and system operating conditions are given in Table 5.4. Hot water from solar collectors is supplied to the evaporator at 85 oC and the pinch point temperature difference is set at ΔTpp=3 oC. Table 5.4 - Components characteristics and operating conditions Ambient conditions Solar collector array Circulator Expander: HFC-Pump Cooling medium Heat transfer fluid Working fluid Condensing temperature Evaporating temperature Ambient Temperature: 25 oC, Solar irradiation: 600 W/m2 Evacuated tube collector (ETC) η0=0.769, a1=1.61 W/m2C, a2=0.0032 W/m2C2, U=1.786 W/m2K Slope: 40o Pressure loss: 200 kPa Collector array area: 84 m2 Isentropic efficiency: 75% Electrical efficiency: 90% Pressure ratio: 3 isentropic efficiency: 70% mechanical efficiency: 60% Isentropic efficiency: 90% Electrical efficiency: 90% Water Water R134a 35 °C 75 °C 5.4.4.4 Results and discussion The flow sheet diagram is presented in Figure 5.11 from which is developed the exergy flow graph shown in Figure 5.12. Circles correspond to components and arrows to exergy flows. In Table 5.5 are displayed the flow parameters of the system including temperature, pressure, enthalpy, entropy, specific exergy and exergy rate. The values of flow parameters were obtained using EES. Page | 132PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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