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Table 5.6 presents the exergy characteristics of the evaluated system. In accordance with these results, the solar collector array appears as the most critical element of the system. It has the: highest coefficient of influence (100%), highest exergy losses (30.21 kW), lowest exergy efficiency (9.81%), lowest degree of thermodynamic perfection(48.45%). The poor performance of the collector array is due to various losses occurring during the radiation conversion, mainly optical and thermal losses. Table 5.6 - Exergy characteristics of different components Ein Eout Ea Eu πi ηi νi βi Element Circulator (I) Solar collector (II) Evaporator (III) Expander (IV) Condenser (V) HFC-Pump (VI) System i i i i ex (kW) (kW) 11.69 11.66 58.61 28.4 23.65 22.61 11.14 9.152 7.701 7.623 7.43 7.379 47.43 14.05 (kW) (kW) 0.215 0.189 46.95 4.604 4.793 3.758 3.435 1.451 0.543 0.465 0.272 0.221 46.95 1.451 (kW) (%) 0.026 87.96 30.21 9.81 1.036 78.39 1.984 42.24 0.078 85.61 0.051 81.2 33.39 3.1 (%) (%) 99.78 0.46 48.45 100 95.62 10.21 82.18 7.32 98.98 1.16 99.31 0.58 29.61 - The evaporator is the second most important element with a coefficient of influence of 10.21% followed by the expander, 7.32%. The amount of exergy losses in the evaporator is 1kW which is half the expander‘s (2 kW). The irreversibility in the evaporator is associated with the heat transfer while in the expander it is associated with leakages, thermal losses and pressure drops (Lemort, 2006). The remaining components: pumps and condenser perform quite well with small exergy losses, exergetic efficiencies and degree of thermodynamic performance above 80%. The system total exergy losses is 33.39 kW of which 91% occur in the solar collectors (Figure 5.13). The system exergetic efficiency is 3.1% and the degree of the thermodynamic perfection 29.61%. Expander (IV) 6% Evaporator (III) 3% 0% HFC-Pump (VI) 0% Solar collectors (II) 91% Condenser (V) Circulator (I) 0% Figure 5.13 - Exergy loss distribution of the system Page | 134PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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