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5.5 Conclusion Performances of organic Rankine heat engines operating with several fluids were evaluated using an innovative exergy study approach called exergy topological method based on combination of exergy analysis and mathematical graph theory. Using parameters such as exergy loss, exergy efficiency, degree of thermodynamic perfection and coefficient of influence, components and systems performance were compared. Various devices incorporated in the simple Rankine cycle, gave different results: the regenerative heat exchanger has positive effects only on dry fluids; the incorporation of feedliquid heaters improve the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the system but leads to loss in exergetic efficiency. Mixing units, open feedliquid heater, evaporator and turbine are the most important elements in regard to the coefficients of influence in different configurations. For different engines and fluids considered, the energy conversion is poor, less than 5% and exergy efficiency does not exceed 10%. The integration of different devices is not significantly rewarded in terms of gain; therefore, it is preferable to keep the simple Rankine engine when designing a system such as the small scale RO desalination system with an integrated Rankine engine driven by low temperature heat below 100 °C. It was also shown how the pinch point temperature difference should be lowered so as to produce high exergy efficiency. The exergy analysis of a micro-solar organic Rankine power cycle system was additionally carried out. Results obtained clearly point out that the solar collector array is the most critical element of the system followed by evaporator and expander. Most of exergy lost in the system occur during radiation conversion and this has as consequence a poor performance of the whole system. For a good design of a small solar thermal power system, special attention should be paid for the collector selection in view of improving the overall system performance. Finally, it is concluded that the exergy-topology methodology used here is a powerful tool for systems evaluation and it could also serve as a decision support tool. Page | 135PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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