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6 - Experimental Investigation of a Small Organic Rankine Cycle in Heat Recovery Application 6.1 Introduction The present chapter reports the experimental investigation of a small scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) carried out at the Thermodynamics Laboratory of the University of Liège, Belgium, where research on small ORCs has been a topic since many years. First prototype was built by Lemort (2006). The latter was improved by Quoilin (2007) and used R123 as working fluid. In 2009, some changes were proposed and successfully implemented by Declaye (2009) and a new refrigerant (R245fa) was tested. This study aims at testing another fluid and comparing the results with those obtained during previous works. 6.2 Potential fluids Several fluids in regard to their characteristics were identified as potentially suitable for low-temperature heat recovery application. Some of them are displayed in Table 6.1. From the list HFE7000, SES36 and Novec649 present attractive properties: they possess appropriate critical parameters, are non-toxic, non-flammable and do not represent significant threat to the environment. However, their market availability is not guaranteed. The hydrocarbons until a radical and simple solution is found against their flammability will not be widely implemented despite their large availability and low cost. Based on the above analysis, the HFE7000 was chosen to be tested at this step. Table 6.1 - Thermophysical, safety and environmental data of candidate fluids Thermodynamic Properties MW (kg/kmol) ρ (kg/m3) Tb (oC) Tc (oC) Pc (bar) ASHRAE 34 ODP GWP Slope R-123 R-245fa HFE 7000 134.05 250 1352 1415 15.3 61 154.1 195.3 36.4 22.3 B1 A1 SES36 Novec n- 649 Butane 316 58.12 1616.32 625.7 49.26 -0.5 168.66 152 18.646 37.96 n- Pentane 72.15 578.6 36.1 196.5 33.64 A3 152.93 1476.6 27.8 183.7 36.68 B1 184.53 1377.21 35.64 177.55 28.49 A1 A1 A3 0.02 0 0 Na 0 0 0 77 820 320 Na 1 0 0 positive positive positive positive positive positive positive Page | 137PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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