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6.3 Description of the test bench 6.3.1 The bench diagram The schematic diagram of the test bench is shown on Figure 6.1. The evaporator is made up of a set of three plate heat exchangers fed by hot air. The expander, a scroll compressor running in reverse mode is connected to a 5.4 kW asynchronous machine through a torque-meter mounted on the same axis. An inverter is electrically coupled to the asynchronous machine in order to control its rotational speed. The condenser consists of two plate heat exchangers fed with cold water. A liquid receiver and a small plate heat exchanger cooled by cold water are located downstream of the condenser to control the subcooling. Two membrane pumps mounted in parallel circulate the working fluid and allow the control of the flow rate. Various sensors are located at different points for measurements as can be seen on figure 6.1. 6.3.2 Components The expander implemented on the test bench is a compressor adapted to run in reverse mode. From various types of existing compressors (Figure 6.2), the scroll type can be easily transformed into expander. Compressors Positive displacement Dynamic Reciprocating (single-acting, double-acting, diaphragm) Rotary (lobe, liquid ring, screw, scroll, vane) Centrifugal Axial Figure 6.2 - Various types of compressors The working principle of a scroll compressor Scroll compressors are orbital motion, positive displacement compressors, in which suction and compression are obtained by using two mating, spiral shaped, scroll members, one fixed and the other orbiting. The working principle of a scroll compressor is shown on Figure 6.3. The compression process in a scroll compressor involves three orbits of the orbiting scroll. In the first orbit, the scrolls ingest and trap two pockets of suction gas. During the second orbit, the two pockets of gas are compressed to an intermediate pressure. In the final orbit, the two pockets reach discharge pressure and are simultaneously opened to discharge port located at the center of the two spirals. This simultaneous process of suction, intermediate compression and discharge leads to the smooth continuous compression of the scroll compressor. In expander mode, the gas flows in reverse way, from the center to the periphery. Page | 139PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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