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6.4. Description of the tests Two series of measurements were carried out with a total of 16 points. Table 6.5 indicates minimum and maximum values of imposed parameters obtained during the tests. The refrigerant mass flow rate is imposed by varying the stroke length of the pumps from 0 up to 100%. The expander supply pressure is controlled by modifying the air temperature and flow rates and shaft rotational speed. The expander rotational speed is set to different values using the inverter. The expander exhaust pressure is imposed by adjusting the cooling water mass flow rate. Table 6.5 - Extreme values of imposed conditions Parameters 1st air source temperature 2nd air source temperature Air mass flow rate Refrigerant mass flow rate water mass flow rate water supply temperature Expander rotation speed Expander inlet temperature Degree of superheating First set (1) Min Max (oC) 175.8 177 (oC) 132.6 136.5 (g/s) 63.21 63.21 (g/s) 46.61 50.48 (kg/s) 1.05 1.068 (oC) 3.32 5.93 (rpm) 1500 3000 (oC) 105.1 114.5 (oC) 8.34 10.57 Second set (2) Min Max 192.1 195.4 155.9 162.9 94.81 94.81 68.99 77.23 0.22 1.068 6.03 6.76 1650 3000 122.9 139.6 8 14 6.5. Experimental results and discussion 6.5.1 Energy conservation 6.5.1.1 Expander supply pressure and expander rotational speed Figure 6.10 shows the variation of the expander supply pressure with shaft rotational speed. The pressure varies linearly with the rotational speed. This is in accordance with the definition of the expander supply volume flow rate (Vsu,exp) which is the swept volume (Vs,exp) multiplied by the rotational speed (Nrot) (Kane, 2002). The volume flow rate is also obtained from dividing the mass flow rate (mr) by the density (ρsu,exp). The swept volume in expander mode is the one in compressor mode (Vs,cp) divided by the built-in volume ratio (rv,in) of the machine. The rotational speed thus modifies the characteristics of the fluid as can be seen from equation 6.1. Therefore, an increase in the rotational speed corresponds to a reduction in the expander pressure supply and vice- versa. . Vsu,exp=N V =N rot s,exp rot s,cp rv ,in = mr ρsu,exp (6.1) Page | 145 V.PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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