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The expander effectiveness is defined by . ε =Wsh = s,exp . Ws Where: C (2πN /60) trq rot (6.9) . Mr (hr,su,exp -hr,ex,exp,s ) . Ws = output work when the expansion process is isentropic hr,su,exp = enthalpy of the refrigerant at the expander supply hr,ex,exp,s = enthalpy of the refrigerant at the expander exit when the expansion process is considered isentropic. The variation of expander effectiveness and cycle efficiency with the rotation speed are shown in Figure 6.21. The expander effectiveness varies is the range of 54.25- 60.92% during first set of test and in the range of 62.43-65.75 during the second set. Figure 6.21 shows that without any irregularities during the tests values that maximize the expander effectiveness exist (Quoilin et al., 2010). Indeed, it can be considered that for the first set of tests the maximum effectiveness is obtained at 2500 rpm and at 2750 rpm for the second set. The existence of the maximum values of the expander effectiveness is explained by the antagonistic effects of the rotational speed on the internal leakages and on friction losses and supply pressure drop. Optimum values are also observed with the evolution of the cycle efficiency. These are observed for a speed of about 2250 rpm (see Figure 6.21). However, maximum values of efficiencies for cycle and expander are not met for the same value of the speed. 66 6 5.5 expander cycle 64 62 60 3.5 5 4.5 4 58 56 3 2.5 2 1.5 54 1 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 Nrot[rpm] Figure 6.21 - Cycle efficiency and expander effectiveness vs rotational speed The influence of the expander pressure ratio (rp) is noticeable (Figure 6.22). During the experiment, the pressure ratio varied between 5 and 9.9. For fixed conditions of the heat supply to the cycle, there exists a value of the pressure ratio for which the expander Page | 153 s,exp [%] cycle [%]PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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