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Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles

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Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles ( low-grade-heat-conversion-into-power-using-small-scale-organ )

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As a key component, the expander deserves a particular attention. Its performance strongly depends on the thermodynamic properties of the fluid at its supply port, and mainly the vapor density. Figure 6.31 shows that the investigated expander yields an efficiency in the range of 60-70% when operating with pressure ratio between 3.5 and 9. Maximum efficiency seems to converge towards a value of pressure ratio of about 5. Concluding, with the present expander more than 30% of enthalpy input is lost. This loss is attributed to internal leakages, pressure drop at the expander supply port and mechanical losses. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 HFE-7000 R- 123 R-245fa 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pressure Ratio [-] Figure 6.31 - Expander efficiency for different fluids 6.7. Conclusion The experimental study of a small ORC in heat recovery application with integrated scroll type expander is reported. The working fluid used is a hydrofluoroether HFE7000. Two series of tests were carried out to evaluate the performances of the system as well as those of the components. Maximum cycle global efficiency achieved was about 4% meaning that more that 96% of the heat available was not converted into mechanical power. The cycle maximum exergetic efficiency was only 13% due to excessive exergy losses in the heat exchangers. Although the expander yielded satisfactory results with a global isentropic efficiency above 60%, the pumps in contrary operated with very low efficiency (less than 17%) and should be substituted by more efficient ones. Comparison with previous tests was also carried out from which it could be concluded that 70% appears as the limit for the investigated expander and following fluids: R123, R345fa and HFE7000 in similar conditions give close results with slight advantage to R245fa for better efficiency, non-corrosiveness (unlike R123) and no infiltration problem (unlike R123 and HFE7000). Page | 163 Expander Efficiency [-]

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