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7.4.4 The global model The global model of the ORC is built by interconnecting the models of different components above described to predict the system power output and cycle efficiency. 7.5 Thermodynamic optimization 7.5.1 Scope and method The performance of a small scale ORC is predicted using the global model described in the previous section. Using that global model, the performance of the small scale ORC can be predicted. In the present case of an ORC in waste heat recovery application, the thermodynamic optimization aims at maximizing the net power output. However, other thermodynamic parameters can be used to characterize the thermodynamic behavior of the system and are described in the following lines. The cycle thermal efficiency is an indicative parameter of the quantity of heat converted into power and is given by: ... ηORC=(Wsh -Wp)/Qev (7.6) The recuperation efficiency is the ratio of the heat recovered to the maximum heat recoverable. It can thus be written as (7.7) The global energy conversion efficiency is the product of the cycle thermal efficiency and the recuperation efficiency. ηglobal =εrηORC (7.8) For the present study, many assumptions are made: The heat source is exhaust gas at 180 oC, assimilated to hot air with a mass flow rate of 0.21 kg/s. The condenser is cooled with cold water at 10 oC. The pinch point at the evaporator is 15 oC. The pinch point at the condenser is 10 oC. The superheating at the expander inlet, 5 oC. The subcooling after the condenser, 5 oC. The volumetric ratio of the scroll expander, 3.4. .. Q M c (T -T ) T -T ε= ev = a p,a su,a ex,a = su,a ex,a r.. T-T Q Mc(T-T)su,aamb ev ,max a p,a su,a amb Page | 169PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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