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output and require high evaporating pressure. R245fa despite its toxicity has the highest vapour density at the expander inlet which would mean small expander. On the other hand, n-Butane is flammable but a very low cost fluid with the highest maximum power output. At this step, only a deep economic analysis could determine which one is to be selected. Table 7.2 - Thermodynamic parameters at maximum net power output Fluids R245fa R123 R113 n-Butane n-Pentane Pev (bar) 11.79 7.31 3.93 15.31 5.14 Wnet (W) 2004 1979 1942 2078 1979 ρp,su (kg/m3) 1324 1453 1554 567.3 616.6 ρexp,su (kg/m3) 64.98 42.59 26.42 38.04 13.78 7.6 Economic evaluation of a small ORC 7.6.1 System design parameters Following the experimental results presented in Chapter 6, and the experience gained with R245fa, this fluid was selected for the economic evaluation. The simulation results derived from section 7.5 for the optimized system are displayed in Table 7.3. Table 7.3 - Design parameters of the optimized system Item/parameter Heat source Inlet temperature Outlet temperature Mass flow rate Heat recuperated Working fluid Evaporator pressure Cooling fluid Inlet temperature Outlet temperature Water flow rate Evaporator pinch point Condenser pinch point Evaporator superheating Condenser subcooling Net electrical power Thermal power ORC efficiency Recuperation efficiency Global efficiency Units Value - Exhaust gas oC 180 oC 67.25 kg/s 0.2104 kW 24 - R-245fa bar 11.84 - water oC 10 oC 27.54 kg/s 0.3 oC 15 oC 10 oC 5 oC 5 kWe 2 kWth 22 % 8.32 % 66.32 % 5.52 Page | 173PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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