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7.7 Economic Optimization of small ORCs 7.7.1 Cost modeling 7.7.1.1 Expander cost model For recall, the present expander is a scroll compressor adapted to run in reverse mode. The size of the compressor is linked to the thermodynamic characteristics of the fluid (density, volume flow rate) at the compressor outlet which corresponds to the expander inlet. From a catalogue of scroll hermetic compressors, and taking into account the cost of transformation, the expander cost (Cexp) is a linear function of the expander inlet . volume flow rate ( Vs ): . Cexp =450 340 Vs (7.13) 7.7.1.2 Heat exchanger cost model Heat exchangers are characterized by the heat exchange surface area which is one of parameters that determine the quantity of heat recuperated or rejected. For the present study, the cost model for heat exchangers deducted from a catalogue of flat plate heat exchangers is a linear function of the heat exchanger area (Ahx): Chx =388+480Ahx (7.14) 7.7.1.3 Pump cost model Suitable pumps for small scale ORCs are small reciprocating pumps which can suck the liquid fluid at a pressure around 2-5 bar and deliver pressurized liquid fluid at about 10- 20 bar while consuming small power input. However, it should be mentioned that there is no pump designed for liquid refrigerants. The cost model used in the present study is based on the relation between the power consumption and the cost as proposed by Bejan et al. (1996): ..m Cp=Cp,ref(Wp/Wp,ref ) (7.15) m=0.25 for small reciprocating pumps (<300 W), and m=0.45 when the input power exceeds 300 W. From the offers obtained from suppliers in Liege, Belgium, the reference pump considered has a power input of 300 W and costs 900 €. 7.7.1.4 Pipes cost model Given the same length, pipes are characterized by their diameter. In the present study, liquid and vapour pipes are distinguished and have different diameters. Depending upon the fluid, for the same thermodynamic state of the fluid the diameter may differ. From Page | 179PDF Image | Low-Grade Heat Conversion into Power Using Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
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