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1 Introduction Over the last century, the world economical growth has accelerated dramatically. The industrial development, the increasing number of vehicles on the road and the multiplication of energy consuming domestic equipments have caused an important growth of the energy demand. Unfortunately, this demand has been mostly covered by a massive consumption of fossil fuels, which causes many serious environmental problems, such as global warming or atmospheric pollution. New energy conversion technologies are required in order to insure the production of electricity without generating environmental pollution. Among them, lowgrade heat sources are considered as appropriate candidates for the new energy sources. The interest for low grade heat recovery has grown dramatically in the past few years. An important number of new solutions were proposed to generate electricity from low temperature sources. Those solutions can be applied to very diversified fields such as solar thermal, biological waste heat, engine exhaust gases, small scale cogeneration, domestic boilers, etc. They can be decentralized and produce small amounts of energy. The purpose of this work is to give an overview of the existing technologies, and to analyze a practical application based on the modeling and test results of a Rankine Cycle test bench. The first part of the work is dedicated to the study of the best suited cycles for heat recovery, with their advantages, drawbacks, and possible applications. The main parameters taken into account are efficiency, specific work, and simpleness. A comparison between different working fluids is performed to determine the most appropriate and environmentfriendly ones. The expander having a crucial importance, a chapter is dedicated to its study and a comparison between different expander types is performed. The choice of the scroll machine selected for this test bench is justified. The test bench is then described, with a complete overview of its components and of its measurement devices. The experimental process is explained as well as the practical difficulties and the proposed solutions. A critical analysis of the measurement is proposed, in order to explain the incoherencies detected in the tests. A model of each element of the cycle is described and validated. A simplified model of the refrigerant charge and its effects on the cycle is also proposed. The possible improvements on the test bench and on the models are finally evaluated, and a few recommendations are expressed. 8PDF Image | Modeling of a Low Temperature Rankine Cycle for Small Scale Cogen
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