Modeling of a Low Temperature Rankine Cycle for Small Scale Cogen

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Modeling of a Low Temperature Rankine Cycle for Small Scale Cogen ( modeling-low-temperature-rankine-cycle-small-scale-cogen )

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Sylvain Quoilin Chapter 2 : Low temperature heat recovery 2.3 Low temperature Rankine cycle applications : 3 main categories of applications are conceivable for the Organic Rankine Cycle (or more generally for the low temperature Rankine cycle) : ● Waste heat recovery Where the ORC is most useful is in the recovery and use of waste heat. Two primary applications include Combined Heat and Power plants (especially those utilizing biomass as fuel), and general heat recovery applications from many potential sources. A combined heat and power plant can for example be a small scale cogeneration plant on a domestic water heater. In this perspective, two options are conceivable : the priority can be given to the power cycle, the latter recovering the heat produced directly in the boiler and the hot water being produced at the condenser of the ORC at a lower temperature, or the priority can be given to the hot water, in which case the heat source of the cycle is the heat recovered on the gases at the exhaust of the combustion chamber. Heat recovery can also be performed on industrial or farming processes such as organic products fermentation, hot exhausts from ovens or furnaces, exhaust gases from vehicles, intercooling of a compressor, condenser of a power cycle, etc. ● Solar thermal power Organic Rankine cycles can be used in the solar parabolic through technology instead of the usual steam Rankine cycle. The ORC allows a lower collector temperature, a better collecting efficiency (reduced ambient losses) and hence the possibility of reducing the size of the solar fields. Several example of parabolic troughs using ORC are available in the literature : ○ S. Canada presented a parabolic trough ORC Solar Power Plant, using n­pentane as working fluid and with an inlet temperature of 204°C [Canada, 2005]. ○ E.H. Malick Kane, in his doctorate thesis, studied the integration of two superposed ORC on a parabolic though solar collector, the topping cycle using R­123 as working fluid, and the bottoming cycle using R­134a [Kane, 2002]. ● Geothermal plants Geothermic heat source vary in temperature from 50 to 350°C. For low­temperature geothermal sources (typically less than 100°C), the power plant efficiency is very dependent on the ambient temperature, that determinates the heat sink temperature. 13

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