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Sylvain Quoilin Appendix 1 : Other solutions for low grade heat recovery Appendix 1 : Other solutions for low grade heat recovery. 1. The transcritical cycle The transcritical cycle works with a fluid in supercritic state in the heat source exchanger. It has the advantage of a good temperature profile (no pinch limitation) and has therefore less irreversibility (figure 62). The working fluid usually used is carbon dioxide. Its main drawback is the pressure : the elements of the cycle are submitted to a very high pressure, which can cause unacceptable stresses and leaks. Chen et Al proposed a comparative study between a transcritial CO2 cycle and a traditional ORC with R123 as working fluid [Chen et al, 2002]. The calculations were performed using EES, following the configuration showed in figure 61. The hot side temperature was set to 150°C and the mass flow rate to 0,4 Kg/s. The results of the simulation showed that the CO2 cycle has a slightly higher efficiency than the ORC. Further, the power system with CO2 is also more compact and more environmental friendly than the one with R123. Figure 61: CO2 transcritical cycle Figure 62: R123 (left) vs CO2 (right) heat transfer 117PDF Image | Modeling of a Low Temperature Rankine Cycle for Small Scale Cogen
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