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Sylvain Quoilin Appendix 1 : Other solutions for low grade heat recovery The thermoelectric efficiency remains far below the Carnot efficiency with values running from 0.06 to 0.15 for the usual ZT range of values. Applications : Thermoelectric modules have long been used only for cooling applications. Nevertheless, a number of studies showed that with the recent improvements, they could also be used for heat recovery at an acceptable cost [Rowe, 1998]. The applications considered are aimed at engines exhaust gases heat recovery. A complete review of several existing thermoelectric systems applied to vehicles is proposed by Vazquez et al [Vazquez, 2002]. Table 5 shows the experimental results summarized in his paper : Nissan, 3000 cc, 60 km/h climb hill 35,6 0,9 23 l engine, 60 km/h climb hill 193 2,9 Heavy truck, engine NTC 350, 300 1068 hp, 1700 rpm Takanose, 65 km/h climb hill, 3244 131,5 2,3 rpm Ruston engine 3YDA, 38 hp 42,3 Table 5: Thermoelectric performances of vehicle applications 499 °C 583 °C 866 600 44 kg Test description Max electric power [W] Max efficiency [%] Inlet temperature [°C] Weight [kg] Another experimental study was performed on a Sierra Pickup truck by Thatcher et Al [Thatcher, 2006]. The efficiencies of the modules (electric power vs exhaust gases extracted power) ran from 1.2 to 1.5, from 2.1 to 2.2 and from 2.8 to 2.9 % respectively for speeds of 30, 50 and 70 mph and inlet gas temperatures ranging from 350 to 600°C. These results show that the efficiencies reached by the thermoelectric modules are quite low. Nevertheless, an important potential of improvement remains, that could increase these efficiencies. 126PDF Image | Modeling of a Low Temperature Rankine Cycle for Small Scale Cogen
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