PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 011
This work explored the possibility of using a ammonia- based combined power/cooling cycle to produce hydrogen from renewable resources and pre-cool it prior to liquefaction in an effort to reduce the overall energy consumption. The advantage of this cycle is its ability to utilize low temperature heat sources available from solar and geothermal resources. Simulations of the Claude liquefaction process and the 5-kW ammonia-based combined power/cooling cycle were developed to model the effects of component efficiencies and operating parameters on the maximum hydrogen production rate and system energy requirement. Additionally, a performance test of a scroll compressor was performed to gauge its effectiveness as an expander for the combined cycle. Conclusions resulting from tests and analyses are summarized below: 1. Pre-cooling hydrogen has little effect on the specific liquefaction energy and is detrimental to the liquefier efficiency. 2. Pressurized electrolysis is the most effective method of reducing the energy consumed in liquefaction. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html,last accessed: 11/2004. Energy Information Administration, 2004, “International Energy Outlook 2004,” Washington, DC. Available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/world.html, last accessed: 11/2004. Flynn, T. M., 1997, Cryogenic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York. Fuel Cell Store, 2003, “Hydrogen Storage,” Boulder, CO. http://www.fuelcellstore.com/information/hydrogen_storage .html, last accessed: 11/2004. Goswami, D. Y., 1995, “Solar Thermal Power: Status of Technologies and Opportunities for Research,” Heat and Mass Transfer 95, Proceedings of the 2nd ASME-ISHMT Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi, India, pp. 57 – 60. Gravesen, J., Henriksen, C., 2001, “The Geometry of the Scroll Compressor,” SIAM Review, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 113- 126. Hans-Joachim, H., Radermacher, R., 2003, CO2 Compressor-Expander Analysis: Final Report, Air- Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute, Arlington, VA, ARTI-21CR/611-10060-01. Hasan, A. A., Goswami, D. Y., 2003, “ Exergy Analysis of a Combined Power and Refrigeration Thermodynamic Cycle Driven by a Solar Heat Source,” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 55 – 60. Mirabal, S. T., 2003, “An Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Production Technologies Using Renewable Energy Resources,” Master’s thesis, University of Florida. National Hydrogen Association, 2004, “Hydrogen FAQs,” Washington, DC. http://www.hydrogenus.com/h2-FAQ.asp, last accessed: 11/2004. Ramsay, W. C., 2003, Public-Private Dialogue, International Partnership for a Hydrogen Economy, International Energy Agency, Paris. Schein, C., Radermacher, R., 2001, “Scroll Compressor Simulation Model,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 123, pp. 217 – 225. Sunatech Inc., 2001, IEA Agreement on the Production and Utilization of Hydrogen, Task 12: Metal Hydrides and Carbon for Hydrogen Storage, Executive Summary, edited by Sandrock, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Tamm, G., Goswami, D. Y., Lu, S., Hasan, A., “A Novel Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle for Low Temperature Heat Sources – Part I: Theoretical Investigation,” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 125, No. 2, np. Wells, D. N., 2000, “Scroll Expansion Machines for Solar Power and Cooling Systems,” Proceedings of Solar 2000, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Madison, WI, np. 3. The total energy required to produce and liquefy hydrogen is 28.656 kW-h/lbm-H2 (63.175 kW-h/kg-H2); 86% of which is consumed during electrolysis. A maximum of 7.21 gallons (27.3 liters) per day of liquid hydrogen can be produced from a 5-kW combined cycle. 4. The mass flows as well as the heat and work interactions of the 5-kW combined cycle scale with inverse of expander efficiency (1/ηe). Sixty percent expansion efficiency is required to extract cooling from the cycle. 5. Cooling capacity of the cycle is extremely sensitive to the vapor mass fraction of the expander inlet stream. At 2.5% water by mass and for perfect expansion, the cooling capacity completely diminishes. 6. Results of the performance test indicate that scroll compressors operate poorly as expanders. Low isentropic efficiencies result from leakage around the scroll tips. Improvements in the scroll design such as increasing the wrap of each scroll element and using low-friction material for oil-less operation would make the scroll an efficient expansion device suitable for the combined cycle. REFERENCES Clean Energy Research Center, 2003, “Journey Sustainable Energy: The H2 Solution,” University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. http://www.cerc.eng.usf.edu, last accessed: 11/2004. Copeland Corp., 2001, “Scroll Compressor Technology and Air Conditioning, Heat Pump, and Refrigeration Applications,” Vi Ibero-American Congress of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Available at http://www.copelandcorp.com/americas/news/news004.htm/ scroll-english.pdf Energy Information Administration, 2003, “Annual Energy Review 2003,” DOE/EIA – 0384(2003), Washington, DC. toPDF Image | Optimization of a Scroll Expander Applied to an Ammonia/Water Combined Cycle System for Hydrogen Production - Paper No. 1645
PDF Search Title:
Optimization of a Scroll Expander Applied to an Ammonia/Water Combined Cycle System for Hydrogen Production - Paper No. 1645Original File Name Searched:
ScrollExpander.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)