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Chapter 3 Modeling and Simulation In order to obtain appropriate performance of the ORC system, properly selected components of the testing system are needed. In order to find the performance of the ORC system and the performance of its individual components, sensors and measured data of physical properties (i.e., temperatures, pressures, and flow rates) of the working fluid pertinent to the components are needed. The collected data are then analyzed to give the performance results. Preliminary designs and selections of appropriate components (e.g., sizes and types) could be obtained through the process of system modeling and simulation. Modeling and simulation may also help determining operation parameters that are critical to system performance. Combined with testing data, model can be further improved and simulation results may become good enough and useful in predicting long term performance and benefit obtainable from applying the ORC system to any individual diesel generators. The rest of this chapter describes the model constructed for the integrated system (the ORC system plus the testing system) and the simulation process and results. The model includes three components: heat source loop, heat sink loop, and the ORC system. Fluid used in heating and cooling loops is water and working fluid used in the ORC system is R245f refrigerant. HEAT SOURCE The physical heat source loop for the new test site is expected to include a hot water source from a steam/water heat exchanger, a VFD pump, and pipes and fittings. Other components for measurement and control are also included. Through the pipes, the heating fluid enters into the heat source heat exchanger of the ORC system and transfers heat to the working fluid, the R245f refrigerant. The loop can control the temperature and flow rate of the existing hot water of the steam/water heat exchanger. All important information along the steam and heating water loop (e.g., of fluid temperatures, pressures, flow rates, VFD rpm, pump power consumption) for each operating condition need be collected for system and components performance analysis. The model constructed corresponding to the heating loop includes all important operation parameters of all the function features. In addition, the model can be easily modified to cope with different types of heat source and components to be adopted. HEAT SINK The physical heat sink loop includes a cooling fluid source from a fire hydrant and, its manual control valve, pipes and fittings, and needed temperature and flow rate measurements and control devices. Through the pipes, the cooling fluid enters into the condenser of the ORC system. The loop has limited controllability in temperature and flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the condenser. Information of fluid properties along the pipes, power and water consumption corresponding to each of operation conditions need be collected. The model constructed corresponding to the cooling loop includes all important operation parameters of all the function features. In addition, the model can be easily modified to cope with different types of cooling source and components to be adopted. ORC SYSTEM A general ORC unit includes at least a pump, an evaporator, a heat to power converter, and a 11PDF Image | Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK
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