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condenser. Other components needed in modeling depend on the versatility of the physical construction of the ORC system. For example, according to publications, one known property of the ORC system with screw expander is the ability of allowing mixed vapor/liquid working fluid in the heat to power conversion unit (i.e. for this case is the screw expander), so that the system can add a control component to control the working fluid flow rate and/or quality of fluid entering the expander to optimize the system performance. The physical ORC system to be used for this project is an integrated unit, for which to conduct very accurate measurements of working fluid properties for performance analysis of individual components, without modifying the system (modifying the system may results in losing warrantee), may not be practical. Also detailed engineering information of individual components may not be available for the concern of proprietary. However, the system does allow adding more sensors for the access to approximate working fluid properties pertaining to the performance of many of the components. This is very helpful in getting better analysis results of the components. MODELING METHODOLOTY Considering ORC system reliability test and tests of ORC system performance related to system power generation under different heat source and sink conditions, detailed engineering data of individual components may not be needed. For investigation of optimal net power generation (including power generated by the ORC system and parasitic power consumed by cooling loop and/or heating loop), detailed engineering data of components may also not be needed. Therefore to achieve the objectives of this project listed in the section of Introduction, detailed engineering data of the ORC system components may not be critical. However, if the purposes of the tests include verification of the ORC system performance (e.g. optimal performance constantly) and provision of comments to the design of the system, detailed engineering data of components will then become required. For the purpose of being able to fully model the system with reasonable accuracy, the plan of the modeling could be divided into two to three stages depending on how feasible (including achievability and timing) and desirable to know the details of the performance parameters of the ORC system and its components. The first stage is to model the ORC system using simple parameters for system components with quality and flow rate control of the working fluid. The purpose of this stage is to qualitatively understand the effects of operation conditions of heat source and heat sink on ORC system performance and the results will be used for test planning and selecting components of the testing system. The second stage is to fit the system parameters using data obtained from approximated measurement results and a limited number of experimental cases (i.e. heating and cooling conditions). If system simulation results obtained using fitted (approximate) values of system parameters can qualitatively match experimental results, but without appropriate accuracy, for extra operation conditions, a more complex model will be constructed for detailed modeling as the third stage. In this report, methodology of first stage is described in details. The methodologies of the second and third stages are given in Appendix IIIA for reference purpose only. Stage One: The selected ORC system has features of being able to optimize the system net output for all heating and cooling conditions and limiting the total output to a maximum of 50kW. There are other features related to conventional constraints for performance regulating and system protection, such as constraints in maximum temperature, maximum pressure, etc. In a 12PDF Image | Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK
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