PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 013
physical prototype, these features are performed by physical mechanisms, such as mechanical and electrical devices. To simplify the mathematical model, some of the mechanisms and related performance parameters are neglected due to the much less influence than the others to the gross performance of the ORC system. The simplified model (Figure 1) includes the function of evaporator, a screw expander, a condenser, and a VFD pump. The model also allows the quality of the working fluid entering the expander adjustable via varying the flow rate of the working fluid for optimal ORC system performance. The simulation results are useful for test planning. The expander is modeled by a single efficiency at this stage and will be modified as more information is available in publications and through experimental data, the pump is modeled with varying efficiency based on the operation condition of the pump, and the evaporator and condenser are modeled by their respective flow and heat transfer properties and heat transfer areas. The evaporator has the capability to model liquid, liquid/vapor mixture, and vapor flows. Currently, the condenser is modeled as a single section unit. If heat losses to the atmosphere are found significant, heat losses will also be included in the model. SELECTIONS OF COMPONENT PARAMETERS AND OPERATION PARAMETERS Ranges of values of operation parameters used for simulation are based on specifications of the components (e.g. hot water flow rate and temperature limits, pressure and temperature limits of ORC system), properties of the fluids (i.e. heating, cooling, and ORC working fluid), asymptotes performance of sub-components (e.g. heat exchanger performance versus flow rate), etc. Known limits, which mostly are based on the recommendation of the manufacturer, include maximum pressure of the ORC system (150psi), estimated heat source temperature (235oF), controlled heat source capacity (2.4MMBtu), flow rates of pumps (250gpm for heating, 375gpm for cooling), and cooling sink capacity (3.0MMBtu recommended by an ORC engineer). Values of ORC components parameters adopted from publications (very limited data available) and conventional application practice [3] for system simulation include expander efficiency (e.g. 0.75), pump efficiency (e.g. 0.75), heat transfer coefficient of evaporator (e.g. 1500 W/m2-oK or 265Btu/ft2-oF), evaporator area (e.g. 100ft2), heat transfer coefficient of condenser (e.g. 1400 W/m2-oK or 247Btu/ft2-oF), and condenser area (e.g.200ft2). Some of the values will be adjusted based on the match between the simulation results and the published and experimental data. Heat exchanger simulation model are based on standard practice [4, 5]. Since working fluid (R245fa) property will affect the ORC system performance and temperature and pressure limits to be used for testing, some of the physical properties are obtained and listed in Table 1 for reference. Detailed property of R245fa can be found in NIST document. Results of stage one simulation include system performance (e.g. net efficiencies, expander power) of the ORC system, net efficiencies of the test system, etc. as functions of operation parameters of heat source and heat sink. Results also include effects of sizes of heat exchangers and efficiencies of expander and pumps on system performance. The first stage results are used to help design test plan of the ORC system. Table 1 Thermodynamic properties and environmental date of R245fa Safety Non- Flammable Vaporization Heat (1atm.) 197.5 Kj/Kg (355.5 Btu/lb) Boiling T.(1atm.) 14.6oC (58.3oF) Critical Point 154oC (309.2oF) 36.4 bar (527.9psi) Saturation ODP* Slope Isentropic -0 GWP** 100 year 1020 *Ozone depletion potential ** Green house warming potential 13PDF Image | Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK
PDF Search Title:
Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AKOriginal File Name Searched:
TCC_Final_Project_Report.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)