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Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK

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Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK ( optimizing-heat-recovery-systems-power-generation-rural-ak )

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Turboden is an Italian company that specializes in ORC technology. They have Combined Heat and Power systems in set sizes ranging from 200 kW to 2000 kW. They also have Heat Recovery systems that come in set sizes ranging from 500 kW to 1500 kW. They are also able to build custom sizes but currently do not manufacture any under 500 kW for applications requiring a single unit. They have installed many units, mostly in Europe and in the biomass industry. They company did not respond to emails so there is little details as to cost and delivery time. UTC Power UTC Power is a division of United Technologies Corporation based in Connecticut. They provide environmentally responsible power solutions and recently have developed an ORC unit. The PureCycle® Power System is an electric power generating system and runs off of any hot water resource at temperatures as low as 195oF. The hot water can come from a geothermal source or some other waste heat source. Currently this ORC unit is sized at 280 kW (gross) of electrical power. One of these is commercially running at Chena Hot Springs Resort in Alaska and they have sold 75 units to date. The average price per kW is $1250 with a delivery time of 8 weeks. They are currently working on a 1 MW unit to be completed in the early part of 2009. There are also plans underway for a possible smaller unit with the size to be determined. GMK Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen (GMK) is a leading ORC-module developer and producer in Europe. They have three different products bases on application. Their INDUCAL is an ORC used in power plants to recover waste heat. The electrical output of these units varies from 0.5-5.0 MW. The two other products are GEOCAL and ECOCAL which use geothermal energy and biomass respectively to produce electrical power in similar amounts as that of the INDUCAL. They have various installations of all three products that are currently running in Germany. The company seems to be focusing on larger, industrial power plants rather than on units that would be useful in heat recovery from small diesel generators. The Kalina Cycle The Kalina Cycle was developed by the Russian engineer Aleksandr Kalina in the early 1980s. It is a thermodynamic cycle that allows for the converting of thermal energy to mechanical power which can then be used to create electrical power. It is similar to the ORC in how it works with one major difference. The Kalina Cycle uses a binary working fluid. Usually the fluid is a mixture of ammonia and water. This allows for a broader range of boiling points because ammonia has a much lower boiling point than water. Studies have shown that the Kalina Cycle performs better than the Organic Rankine Cycle at moderate pressures. Some believe that it is in general more efficient than the Organic Rankine Cycle, but more testing needs to be done to support this claim. Commercially tested Kalina Cycle units are not common with only a few ever built. One is used in a geothermal power plant in Iceland. There are two plants in Japan, one a waste heat plant and the other a waste-to-energy demonstration plant where the Kalina Cycle 68

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